PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTI-TRIPANOSOMAL AND CYTOTOXICITY POTENTIALS OF EXTRACTS OF CASSYTHA FILIFORMIS FROM IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae) commonly known as leafless plant. It is used in folk medicine as antiplatelet, vesorelaxant, antimicrobial and anti trypanosomal agents. C. filiformis of acetone, ethanol, methanol and water extracts were done using standard methods. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenols, tannin, saponin, terpenoids, cardiac glycoside and steroids in varying concentrations with respect to solvents of extraction. Quantification of phytochemicals (%) revealed high saponin (14.58 (1.88 ± 0.49) content. The polyphenolic analysis show of all the polyphenolic compounds: total proanthocyanidin was 497.28 mg/mL; total flavonoid was 337.68 mg/mL and total phenol was 12.12 mg/mL showed that methanol extract exhibited the best activity with percentage viability of 50 of 71.63 ug/mL. The extracts exhibited high cell viability from 78.14 % to 91.13 %, depicting non toxic potential of extracts on HeLa cells lines. The observed methanol extract correlated with its phytochemical compositions; and validate its use in folk medicine. Abstract (2017) FJPAS Vol 2(1) ISSN: 36 PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTI-TRYPANOSOMAL AND CYTOTOXICITY POTENTIALS OF EXTRACTS OF CASSYTHA FILIFORMIS FROM IMO STATE, NIGERIA Okoh, O. O, 3 Siwe Noundou, X, 1 Asekun, O. T, 1 Familoni, O. B. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Nigeria Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice SA Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, SA African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) has been reported to be currently affecting about half a million populace of SubSaharan Africa; and about 60 million people are estimated to be at risk of contracting this disease which is fatal if untreated [1,2]. African trypanosomiasis is a disease cause by trypanosomes (protozoan parasites) and transmitted by tsetse flies (of the genus Glossina). It occurs in two form: the chronic form caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, (prevalent in West and Central Africa) and last for years; while the acute form caused by T. b. rhodesiense Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Available online at www.fuoye.edu.ng Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae) commonly known as love vine; is a perennial, parasitic, herbaceous and leafless plant. It is used in folk medicine as antiplatelet, vesorelaxant, antimicrobial and anti trypanosomal agents. In this study, the phytochemical compositions and anti C. filiformis of acetone, ethanol, methanol and water extracts were done using standard methods. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenols, tannin, n, terpenoids, cardiac glycoside and steroids in varying concentrations with respect to solvents of extraction. Quantification of phytochemicals (%) revealed high saponin (14.58 (1.88 ± 0.49) content. The polyphenolic analysis showed that the methanol extract contained the highest of all the polyphenolic compounds: total proanthocyanidin was 497.28 mg/mL; total flavonoid was 337.68 mg/mL and total phenol was 12.12 mg/mL. The anti-trypanosomal potential of the extracts thanol extract exhibited the best activity with percentage viability of of 71.63 ug/mL. The extracts exhibited high cell viability from 78.14 % to 91.13 %, depicting non toxic potential of extracts on HeLa cells lines. The observed anti-trypanosomal potentials of the methanol extract correlated with its phytochemical compositions; and validate its use in folk medicine.