Biogenic Sulfide Production in Offshore Petroleum Reservoirs undergoing Waterflooding

Abstract

Biogenic sulfide production in oilfield systems occurs due to the metabolic activities of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes. These activities of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) in production facilities in oilfields leads to unexpected increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations over time in produced fluids from petroleum reservoirs. This widespread phenomenon has proven to have dire consequences, affecting production facilities integrity, personnel safety, environment, the quality and market value of fluids produced from oil reservoirs. Several approaches have been employed over the years to control souring, but the effectiveness of each method differs. This paper reviews the occurrence, consequences, and management of biogenic souring in oilfield reservoirs undergoing waterflooding.