DSpace Community: SCIENCE

PROXIMATE, MINERALS AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF AFRICAN STAR APPLE SEED (CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDUM)

Sat, 01 Oct 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: PROXIMATE, MINERALS AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF AFRICAN STAR APPLE SEED (CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDUM) Authors: Adubiaro, H.O.; Olaleye, A.A. Abstract: Fruits are parts of the seed bearing structure of a flowering plant and they are usually from matured ovary (Ihenkoronye and Ngoddy, 1985). Fruits play an important role in the diet as they contain virtually all the classes of nutrients and their appealing taste and aroma have increased their acceptability in the diet. African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum Linn) belongs to the family Sapotaceae. It is primarily a forest tree species and its natural occurrence has been reported in diverse economics in Nigeria, Uganda, Niger Republic and Cameroon (Bada, 1997). This study therefore aims at investigating the proximate, minerals and fatty acids composition of African star apple seeds. It is expected to provide additional information to the composition of food ingredients.

Foraminifera and Paleoenvironments of the Tertiary Ogwashi Asaba Formation, Southern Anambra Basin, Nigeria

Sat, 01 Oct 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Foraminifera and Paleoenvironments of the Tertiary Ogwashi Asaba Formation, Southern Anambra Basin, Nigeria Authors: Adeoye, M.O.; Ndeze, C.K.; Akande, S.O.; Ojo, O.J Abstract: Foraminifera assemblages and paleoenvironmental investigation were carried out on the outcropping rocks of the Tertiary Ogwashi Asaba formation, Southern Anambra Basin. Several researches have indicated the usefulness of foraminifera in the construction of paleoenvironment and its significance in paleoecological studies (Luciani et al., 2016; Wolfgring and Wagreich, 2016; Nouradini et al., 2015; Milker et al., 2015; Thibault de Chanvalon et al., 2015). These foraminiferals are group of organisms that are ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans, but the distribution of individual species especially the benthics is constrained by their environmental preferences.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON THE PHYSIOLOGY ACTIVITIES IN ASIAN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

Sat, 01 Oct 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON THE PHYSIOLOGY ACTIVITIES IN ASIAN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) Authors: Adekoya, Modinat A.; Ariyo, Omolayo J. Abstract: Rice is one of the major crops feeding the world population and is most important ingredient in food composition in Asia and Africa. Rice is not only a rich source of carbohydrate and proteins but also provides vitamins, minerals and fibre. It constitutes one of the most important staple foods of over half of the world’s population. Globally, it ranks third after wheat and maize in terms of production (Bandyopadhay and Roy, 1992). In 2012/13, about 491.1 million metric tonnes (FAO, 2014) of rice was produced from 158.4 million hectares (Statista, 2014) of land all over the world. Drought is the opposite of flood and it is defined in relation to plant growth or living condition and duration. It is a condition wherein there is continuous dryness or shortage of water to support plant growth and cultivation or living.

Re-orientation of a NE-SW F1 fold during a retrograde F2 deformation in Southwestern Nigeria: Further signature of Pan-African tangential deformation

Thu, 01 Sep 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Re-orientation of a NE-SW F1 fold during a retrograde F2 deformation in Southwestern Nigeria: Further signature of Pan-African tangential deformation

Thu, 15 Sep 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Re-orientation of a NE-SW F1 fold during a retrograde F2 deformation in Southwestern Nigeria: Further signature of Pan-African tangential deformation Authors: Adeonipekun, Dele Adedoyin; Olusola, Johnson Ojo Abstract: The study area, Okedare/Babanloma locality, north east of Ilorin, falls within the south-western segment of the Basement Complex of Nigeria. The structural grain within the Basement Complex of Nigeria is generally N-S (Adedoyin, 2015) and constitutes the thermo-tectonic imprint of the Pan African orogenic event. The terrain evolved as a result of the several crustal remobilizations which occurred between about 3.0 to 0.45 Ga and lies within the southern part of the Trans Saharan Belt (Cahen et al., 1984) of North Africa. Imprints of four orogenic events have been identified within it but the dominant of the events is the Pan African, which post-dates the three other events: Liberian, Eburnean and Kibaran. Regardless of the polyphase deformations, the N-S structural trend is widely acknowledged and other fabrics contrary to that have been feebly reported (Affaton, 1991; Okonkwo, 2006; Adedoyin, 2015). The study area presents another scenario which supports possible imprints which developed as a result of deformation that were essentially tangential to those of the Pan African event. Description: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 FACULTY OF SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF EXTRUDED SPICED SNACKS PRODUCED FROM RICE AND GROUNDNUT CAKE BLENDS

Mon, 05 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF EXTRUDED SPICED SNACKS PRODUCED FROM RICE AND GROUNDNUT CAKE BLENDS Authors: Oni, O.K; Jaiyeoba, C.N; Ojo, S.K.S Abstract: The study was conducted to generate data and compare the combined effect of formulations on the physico-chemical properties and organoleptic attributes of extruded spiced snacks produced from rice at varying levels of moisture and groundnut cake blends using standard techniques. The formulations designs were: G1G2G3= 10 %, 15 %, 20 % groundnut cake; R1R2R3= 90 %, 85 %, 80 % rice; and W1W2W3= 15 %, 20 %, 25 % water. Data were statistically analyzed using Turkey’s test method. Significant differences existed in the nutrient composition of the blends formulated from the different levels of feed composition and moisture. Water absorption capacity decreased proportionately in all the formulated samples with increased feed moisture level while viscosity decreased with increased groundnut levels. The wettability was less than 15 sec. Bulk density increased with increased in groundnut cake whilefeed moisture increased from 16 % to 26 %. Expansion ratio and bulk density showed an inverse relationship. Samples I, J, K and L extruded at 26 % feed moisture showed lower water swelling capacity values. Each control sample (A, E and I for R100/W16, R100/W21 and R100/W26 respectively) at different moisture levels had highest values for carbohydrates and moisture content but lower protein content.The fat and ash contents increased as the groundnut levels increased. Sample I (R100/W26) was most acceptable, though it had similarities with samples A (R100/W16), B(G10/R90/W16), C(G15/R85/W16), and E(R100/W21). However, sample J (G10/R90/W26) had the least overall acceptability. The process variables suitable for processing of ready-to-eat extrudates from rice-groundnut cake blends based on optimum nutritive value obtained were found to be samples H (G20/R80/W21) and D (G20/R80/W16 [FJPAS 1(1)2016]. Description: This is a research article. For more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

EFFECT OF GLOMUS FASCICULATUM ON SEEDLING GROWTH AND POD PRODUCTION OF COWPEA (Vignaunguiculata L. Walp.)

Mon, 05 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: EFFECT OF GLOMUS FASCICULATUM ON SEEDLING GROWTH AND POD PRODUCTION OF COWPEA (Vignaunguiculata L. Walp.) Authors: Ajiboye, A.A. ,; Ajiboye, M.D.; Iwuala, E.N.; Aigbevbole, I.S.; Awoyemi, B.S. Abstract: Investigation on the effect of Glomusfasciculatum on seedling growth and pod production of cowpea crop was carried out. . The effect of the fungal organisms greatly influenced the fresh shoot, root and dry shoot and root. The G. fasciculatum was also found to greatly improve the seed and pod production of the cowpea, when compared with the untreated seedlings. The use of G. fasciculutum was found to be another alternative source of biofertilizer for yield improvements in cowpea[FJPAS 1(1)2016]. Description: This is a research paper. For more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITROGEN-DIOXIDE LEVELS AND HUMAN HEALTH IN AGBOR; DELTA-STATE, NIGERIA.

Mon, 05 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITROGEN-DIOXIDE LEVELS AND HUMAN HEALTH IN AGBOR; DELTA-STATE, NIGERIA. Authors: Uche, J. I.; Olumayede, E.G.; Ukpebor, E.E.; Okieimen, F. E.; Onojeghuo; Omuemu, V. O. Abstract: Nitrogen-dioxide (NO2) is an oxidant gas that can penetrate to the small airways and alveoli of the lungs and can impair defense mechanism against respiratory pathogens. This report presents a preliminary attempt to establishing a relationship between Nitrogen-dioxide (NO2) levels and Human health impact in Agbor. Ten sites were selected to represent areas where air pollution levels might be highest or present particular threat. NO2 levels were measured using the Palmes diffusion tubes. NO2 monitoring was done for a period of twelve months. Health outcomes of interest were evaluated from responses to completed questionnaires. The highest indoor NO2 concentration of 50.02 µg/m3 was recorded in site TL while site OD recorded the least value of 5.18 µg/m3. Indoor NO2 mean values ranged between 7.28 and 39.93 µg/m3.The correlation between the incidence of the prevalence of respiratory diseases and NO2 levels were evaluated. The result revealed a very low correlation (r = 0.076) between NO2 levels and respiratory symptoms[FJPAS 1(1)2016]. Description: Original research work. For more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

EFFECTS OF PROCESSING ON FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SOME MELON (EGUSI): LAGENERIA SICERARIA AND CITRULLUS VULGARIS SEED FLOURS

Mon, 05 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: EFFECTS OF PROCESSING ON FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SOME MELON (EGUSI): LAGENERIA SICERARIA AND CITRULLUS VULGARIS SEED FLOURS Authors: Ogundele, J.O.; Taylor, O.O Abstract: Functional properties are the intrinsic physico-chemical characteristics which may affect the behaviour of food system during processing and storage. Dried seeds of Lageneriasiceraria (African wine kettle) and Citrullus vulgaris were processed into boiled, roasted, germinated and fermented flour samples. Standard methods were used to determine the functional properties of the processed samples in order to determine the effects of these processing techniques on water absorption capacity (WAC) and oil absorption capacity (OAC), bulk density (BD) and foaming capacity (FC).WAC and OAC of raw Lageneriasiceraria flour are 2.451±0.164 (g/g) and 6.417±0.369 (g/g) respectively. These values are higher than the WAC and OAC determined for raw Citrullus vulgaris. However, these values are generally reduced with processing for the two seed flour samples, except for the higher WAC value of germinated Citrullus vulgaris, OAC values of roasted and germinated Citrullus vulgaris as well as the higher WAC of fermented Lageneriasiceraria seed flours. Fermentation increased the FC of Lageneriasiceraria , while roasting, boiling and germination reduced the FC of Lageneriasiceraria. However, the foaming stability (FS) of the raw samples of the two seeds are higher than FS of the processed seed flour samples after 2 hours [FJPAS 1(1) 2016]. Description: This is an original research paper. For more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS FROM METAL RECYCLING COMPANIES IN ILE-IFE AND IKIRUN, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA.

Mon, 05 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS FROM METAL RECYCLING COMPANIES IN ILE-IFE AND IKIRUN, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA. Authors: Oketayo, O.O.; Adeoye, A.O; Akinola, E.A; Oyebode, A. A Abstract: This study was conducted to assay the levels of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn& Zn) in soil samples from two metal recycling companies in Osun state using Flame Absorption Spectrophotometer 400 (FAAS). The results obtained showed the levels of these elements within the range of 0.32-1343.00 mg/kg in the order of magnitude Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Cr>Cd recycling sites and 0.00-456.65 mg/kg in the control. Using SPSS 17 (t<0.05), the elemental levels (except Zn) of soils from the sites were significantly higher than the control. Cd, Cu and Zn were also found higher while Cr and Fe were within the maximum permissible limits recommended by WHO/FEPA for soil meant for cultivation of crops and agriculture[FJPAS 1(1)2016] Description: This is a research article. For further information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF Hydrocotylbonariensis(ARALIACEAE) AGAINST LIVER AND KIDNEY DAMAGE IN RATS FOLLOWING THE CONSUMPTION OF GALACTOSE RICH DIET

Mon, 05 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF Hydrocotylbonariensis(ARALIACEAE) AGAINST LIVER AND KIDNEY DAMAGE IN RATS FOLLOWING THE CONSUMPTION OF GALACTOSE RICH DIET Authors: Adeoye, A.O.; Ajani, E.O. Abstract: s leave extract in providing tissue protection against dietary galactose-induced tissue oxidative stress. Fifty six (56) weanling rats were employed in the study. The control group was placed on AIN-93 diet while the diet of the test groups was supplemented with 30% galactose. Mechanisms of action of the extract were determined by measuring the malondialdehyde level. The level of reduced glutathione (GSH), the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of tissues of animals fed galactose diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) when compared with the control. The liver had the highest level of malondialdehyde compared with the kidney. The level of GSH and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced in the tissues of rats fed galactose diet. The extract reduced oxidative stress significantly in rats fed galactose diet. It also reduced the degree of tissues peroxidation, increased the level of GSH, tissue catalase and SOD activity. It therefore suggests that Hydrocotylbonariensis protects against galactose induced oxidative stress.[FJPAS 1(1)2016] Description: This is a research article. For further information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

MYCODEGRADATION OF DRILL MUDS BY AXENIC AND MIXED FUNGAL ISOLATES FROM DRILL CUTTINGS AT OLOGBO, EDO STATE, NIGERIA.

Mon, 05 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: MYCODEGRADATION OF DRILL MUDS BY AXENIC AND MIXED FUNGAL ISOLATES FROM DRILL CUTTINGS AT OLOGBO, EDO STATE, NIGERIA. Authors: Imarhiagbe, E.E.; Atuanya, E.I.; Samuel-Osamoka, F. C. Abstract: Drilling produces large volumes of drilling waste, which can pose significant threats to soil, water quality and development. Fungi are known to degrade a wide variety of materials and compounds. This study examined the mycodegradation potentials of axenic and mixed fungal isolates associated with drill cuttings emanating from onshore well located at Ologbo, Edo State. Aerobic mycodegradation was determined using shake flask experiment (assessing the total viable counts (cfu/ml), pH, turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)were also determined for a period of 28 days. Results of shake flask experiment revealed the highest total viable count (9.1 x 102 cfu/ ml) for the broth cultures containing consortium of isolates on day 16. Generally, the pH and turbidity were in the range of 7.16 to 8.37and 33 to 63 respectively. The reduction in COD ( from 88 mg/ l at day 1 to 60 mg/ l at day 28) and BOD5 (from 20.9 mg/ l at day 1 to 0.14 mg/ l at day 28) were evidence of the oxidation of the substrates. The growth profile showed that Aspergillus and Penicillium strived better in the water based mud than in synthetic based mud, with Penicillium sp. having the highest fungal count of (0.57x103 cfu/ml) and attained its peak at day 4.There was no significant difference in the degradation of the drilling muds by the isolates (p > 0.05). It was therefore shown that these selected isolates have potential applications in the bioremediation of sites polluted with mud waste[FJPAS 1[1} 2016]. Description: This is an original research. Fore more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmai.com

GEOPHYSICS AS A VERITABLE TOOL IN RECONNAISSANCE STUDIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS

Mon, 05 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: GEOPHYSICS AS A VERITABLE TOOL IN RECONNAISSANCE STUDIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS Authors: Fatoba, J.O; Sanni, A.O; Bamidele, O.E; Olaseni, O.G Abstract: Geophysical Methods have been applied as tools in solving many earth problems. The earth properties measured has made it a veritable tool of reconnaissance/investigation in many parts of the world including urban planning with very high need of good foundation structure and groundwater for its development and future sustenance. This investigation was carried out in Abuja which is underlain mainly by the Gneiss – Migmatite complex. The geophysical method adopted is the electrical resistivity utilizing the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique. VES was conducted at 25 stations along 5 traverses. The quantitative interpretation through partial curve matching and computer aided 1-D forward modelling with the WingLink software revealed a sequence of four major geo-electric layers which are the topsoil, weathered layer, fresh basement and fractured basement. The topsoil range in resistivity from 102 to 2400 Ωm while the weathered layer resistivity ranges from 32 – 500 Ωm. The high resistivity of the topsoil in places is an indication of its lateritization which is good for construction foundation/materials in addition to the thin overburden in the area especially in the northern portion of the area. A fractured basement trend is observed in the N-S direction beneath points B1, F, I and O in the area which is believed to be interconnected with the strip of thick weathered layer in the southern flank of the study area to a depth of about 20 m. This could be indicative of a good groundwater zone in the area considering the shallow water table observed around the study area. Information obtained from this study indicates the area can be divided into two sections with relative uniformity thereby allowing for adequate cost effective planning of geotechnical explorations [FJPAS 1(1) 2016]. Description: Research article. For more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science @fuoye.edu.ng or fjpas @gmail.com

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL STATUS IN DOMESTIC WATER SOURCES IN JALINGO, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

Mon, 05 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

Title: ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL STATUS IN DOMESTIC WATER SOURCES IN JALINGO, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA Authors: Kanu, M. O.; Gabriel, E. C. Abstract: The study investigates the quality of domestic water sources in Jalingo Metropolis. To this end, 22 water samples were collected from bore holes (14), hand dug wells (6) and surface water (2) and analyzed for physiochemical parameters and some heavy metals. The physiochemical parameters were measured using standard methods while the heavy metals were analyzed using Air-acetylene Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (220 FS BUCK Scientific model). Results showed that the concentration of these heavy metals were within the World Health Organization (WHO) maximum permissible limit. The result indicated that the water sources are recommended for domestic purposes, however, if indiscriminate sinking of bore holes and dumping of refuse and other anthropogenic emissions are not checked there is likelihood of increased concentration of these metals in the future [FJPAS 1(1) 2016]. Description: This is a research article. For further information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com