http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/116 Journal Articles Thu, 16 Apr 2026 05:16:51 GMT 2026-04-16T05:16:51Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1294 Title: The Determination of Exposure to Total, Inhalable and Respirable Particles in Welders in Benin City, Edo State Authors: Ediagbonya, TF; Tobin, AE; Olumayede, EG; Okungbwa, GE; Iyekowa, O Abstract: In many welding processes, air pollutants are generated and take the form of dust, fume and gases. These particles generally remain suspended in air and in that way can be carried long distances from the welding arc. Plethora of studies have suggested that welding is insidious to the male reproductive system, other pernicious effect includes the development of benign pneumoconiosis, siderosis, respiratory impairment, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, muscle pain and a metallic taste in the mouth. The objectives of this study was to determine the personal exposure to total, inhalable and respirable particulate matter among welder in Benin City, subject the data to statistical analysis and compare the values obtained to the regulatory limits. The particles were captured using SKC Air Check Gravimetric Sampler. The sampling was done three times a week for six months between October 2011 to March 2012. The result showed that there was spatial variation in the measured TSP, respirable and Inhalable PM and also that the measured particulate matters were above the threshold Limit Value (TLV) in most of the locations studied except for welders in Oluku and Agbor which their TSP, Respirable and Inhalable are below this limit. Description: SKC Air Check Gravimetric Sampler. Thu, 14 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1294 2016-01-14T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1293 Title: Removal of tributyltin from shipyard process wastewater by fly ash, activated carbon and fly ash/activated carbon composite: adsorption models and kinetics Authors: Ayanda, Olushola S.; Ximba, Bhekumusa J.; Fatoki, Olalekan S.; Adekola, Folahan A. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The removal of tributyltin (TBT) from shipyard process wastewater using fly ash, activated carbon and fly ash/activated carbon composite was investigated. RESULTS: Adsorption experiments performed on TBT-contaminated artificial process wastewater revealed that the adsorption capacity of TBT increases with increase in the adsorbent amount, contact time, pH, stirring speed and initial TBT concentration. The adsorption isotherms and the kinetic data were well described by the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The negative values of the Gibbs energy change ( Go ) indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption and the positive values of the enthalpy change ( Ho ) showed that the adsorption process is endothermic. Optimal conditions for the adsorption of TBT from contaminated artificial process wastewater were applied to TBT removal from natural shipyard process wastewater and the results showed that 94.2%, 99.2% and 99.8% TBT were removed by the fly ash, activated carbon and fly ash/activated carbon composite, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the precursors as well as the composite could be employed as efficient adsorbents for the removal of TBT from contaminated shipyard process wastewater with the composite material exhibiting the highest adsorption efficiency. Description: Tributyltin (TBT) is an organic tin compound that is widely used in biocides, wood preservatives and antifouling paints. The use of TBT has led to serious contamination of the environment and causes harmful effects on aquatic organisms such as imposex in gastropods and abnormal embryonic development in sea urchins and marine invertebrates. Fri, 26 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1293 2013-04-26T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1292 Title: Kinetics and equilibrium models for the sorption of tributyltin to nZnO, activated carbon and nZnO/activated carbon composite in artificial seawater Authors: Ayanda, Olushola S.; Ximba, Bhekumusa J.; Adekola, Folahan A.; Fatoki, Olalekan S. Abstract: The removal of tributyltin (TBT) from artificial seawater using nZnO, activated carbon and nZnO /activated carbon composite was systematically studied. The equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption were investi- gated in a batch adsorption system. Equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freund- lich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. Pseudo first- and second-order, Elovich, fractional power and intraparticle diffusion models were applied to test the kinetic data. Thermodynamic parameters such as DG°, DS° and DH° were also calculated to understand the mechanisms of adsorption. Optimal conditions for the adsorption of TBT from artificial seawater were then applied to TBT removal from natural seawater. A higher removal efficiency of TBT (>99%) was obtained for the nZnO/activated carbon composite material and for activated carbon but not for nZnO. Description: Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound (OTC) that is used in the manufacturing of antifouling paints and is highly effective against fouling organisms. TBT is used to prevent the growth of fouling organisms on marine structures and vessels. TBT toxicity has been a large problem in aquatic environments. High concentra- tions of TBT have been found in the tissues of marine mammals and its presence has been linked to marine mammal mass mortal-ities. TBT causes imposex and calcification abnormalities in mol- lusks. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1292 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1288 Title: Comparability of Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Shell and Flesh of Penaeus notabilis Authors: Adeyeye, Emmanuel I.; Adubiaro, Habibat O.; Awodola, Olufemi J. Abstract: The chemical composition and the food properties of shell and flesh of Penaeus notabilis were evaluated. The protein, ash and energy were high whereas carbohydrate and fibre were low in the proximate composition. In the mineral composition, the mineral elements in shell were corresponding higher than the level in flesh. The total essential amino acids in shell was 740mg/g protein and 865mg/g protein in flesh. The limiting amino acid in both shell and flesh was threonine. In the functional properties, both water absorption, oil absorption and oil emulsion capacities were all high with foaming stability at 25% (90min) in both tissues. The lowest gelation was low in both tissues. The protein solubility was high at both sides of pH with isoelectric point being 5.0 (shell) and 7.0 (flesh). The followings: proximate, mineral, amino acids and essential amino acids composition, functional properties and protein solubility, all showed that correlation coefficients r-values > t ", n-2 meaning that the correlations were significant with high positive values at r0.05. Description: Shrimps, caught from fresh, marine and brackish waters and ponds of various types, are becoming delicacies in Nigeria. They are eaten either whole (shell+flesh) after drying or as flesh alone (when fresh). The usage of the terms "shrimp' and "prawn' varies in different parts of the world. For scientific purposes, they should be taken as synonymous. Holthuis (1980) gave a most useful discussion on the usage of the word in different countries. What are referred to as "crayfish' in West African English are actually shrimps. True crayfish (Decapoda reptantia) do not occur in mainland tropical Africa, except as introduced populations in East Africa. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1288 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/961 Title: Source Identification and Apportionment of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds using PCA/APCS in an Urban Settlement of Benin CitySouthern, Nigeria Authors: Olumayede, E.G Abstract: Source Identification, Apportionment, Volatile Organic Compounds; Ambient air Description: Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Tue, 01 Apr 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/961 2014-04-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/958 Title: Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds and Ozone Creation Potential in an Urban Center of Southern Nigeria Authors: Olumayede, Emmanuel Abstract: The relative contribution of individual volatile organic compounds (VOC) species to photochemical ozone formation depends on their atmospheric concentrations and their oxidation mechanism. In an attempt to evaluate the ozone creation potential of ambient VOCs captured in an urban settlement of Benin City, Nigeria, the VOCs concentrations data collected in field studies at nine measurement sites of different air quality in the city and a background site were analysed. Air samples were collected at human breathing height of 1.5 meters from ground level at each site. Active sampling method using the low volume sampling pump (Acuro, Drager, Lubeck, Germany) was used to drawn the air into the tube; the absorbent was Chromosorb 106. The sampling periods were between May 2010 and June 2011; the period covered both dry and wet seasons. The adsorbed gases were desorbed using solvent extraction method with carbon disulphide as solvent. The extracted solutions were analyzed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometer. The observed concentrations of individual VOCs were determined and maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) coefficient along with rate constants of VOC-OH reactions were applied to assess the ozone formation potential of individual VOC in the ambient atmosphere. Sixteen VOC species were observed at various sites with mixing height in decreasing order: toluene (5.82), mp-xylene (3.58), ethylbenzene (3.46), benzene (2.29), and n-butane (0.84). The ozone formation potential study revealed that, ranking by propyl-equivalent, the alkanes included in this study account for 58% of the total propyl-equivalent concentration. The total ozone creation potential in the atmosphere of the Benin City was calculated to be 281.1 μg/m3 . A comparison of total ozone formation potential (OFP) in our study with results obtained from other cities of the world revealed that the total concentration of ozone production in our study is threefold lower than the values reported in China city of Foshan. It is suggested that the sources of this pollutant need to be monitored in the area as a way of curtailing the impact of ozone in this city. Description: Atmospheric Ozone Thu, 21 Aug 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/958 2014-08-21T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/943 Title: Proximate Composition and Some Functional Properties of Three Varieties of Lagenaria Siceraria Melon Seeds Authors: Ogundele, Joan O. Abstract: Dried seeds of Lagenaria Siceraria (African wine kettle), Lagenaria Siceraria (Basketball gourd) and Lagenaria Siceraria (Bushel Giant Gourd) were produced into flour and subjected to proximate analysis and determination of some functional properties. The proximate analysis (%) shows that the seeds have fat and protein contents (46.03±1.41, 53.35±0.24, 50.91±1.28) and (34.64±0.08,27.71±0.41, 32.70±0.03) respectively. They also have Total ash contents (3.75±0.14, 4.07±0.22, 4.5±0.18), Moisture contents (5.67±0.05, 5.13±0.04, 5.67±0.09), and Carbohydrate (8.29±1.04, 8.99±0.49, 5.12±1.36). respectively. The water and oil absorption capacity (%g/g) are (65.00±4.08, 101.70±6.25, 75.00±4.08) and (111.51±9.10, 84.46±11.95, 167.44±15.76) respectively. These results show the three varieties of Lagenaria Siceraria to be good sources of oil and fat, with functional properties that are favourable human consumption and for industrial applications. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/943 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/942 Title: Antioxidant and Toxicity Screenings of extracts obtained from Cyperus esculentus Authors: Abimbade, Sunday F.; Oloyede, Ganiyat K.; Nwabueze, Charles C. Abstract: Phytochemicals responsible for toxicity and antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from Cyperus esculentus were investigated. Toxicity test was carried out using Brine shrimp lethality test while in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by three methods; scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH), inhibition of hydroxyl radical and peroxide oxidation by ferric thiocynate method. Secondary plant metabolites responsible for observed activities in Cyperus esculentus are alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides. Brine shrimp lethality test revealed that hexane extract was toxic while the methanol extract was not toxic with a lethality dose (LC50) greater than 1000 µ/ml. The toxicity results support its local use as an antibiotics/antifungal. Both extracts possessed significant antioxidant activity when compared with antioxidant standards; butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol used in the assay. The %inhibition was between 98.24% and 95.30% at 0.00625 mg/ml for the n - hexane and methanol extracts respectively. The high antioxidant activity of the plant extracts at low concentration shows that it could be very useful for the treatment of ailments resulting from oxidative stress. Thu, 01 May 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/942 2014-05-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/940 Title: COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE METHODS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS SAMPLING IN BENIN CITY, EDO STATE, NIGERIA Authors: Okuo, J.M .; Iria, O.P.; Sodeinde, K.O.; Olusanya, S.O.; Babalola, B.M.; Olumayede, E.G. Abstract: Ambient air quality in Benin city was evaluated for their volatile organic compounds concentrations using both active and passive sampling methods. Air samples were collected from six locations comprising industrial, residential and commercial areas with heavy traffic on a four hourly basis for active sampling and a seven day period for the passive sampling. Colle cted samples were desorbed and analysed for volatile organic compounds using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. A total of 42 VOCs; mainly aliphatic, aromatic, halogenated and oxygenated components were identified using both sampling method s. The result indicated that there is a significant difference between both active and passive sampling methods Wed, 01 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/940 2013-05-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/153 Title: Mechanistic-Based Lifetime Predictions for High-Temperature Alloys and Coatings Authors: B.A. PINT, S. DRYEPONDT; A. ROUAIX-VANDE PUT, Y. ZHANG Abstract: Increasing efficiency is a continuing goal for all forms of power generation from conventional fossil fuels to new renewable sources. However, increasing the process temperature to increase efficiency leads to faster degradation rates and more components with corrosion-limited lifetimes. At the highest tem- peratures, oxidation-resistant alumina-forming alloys and coatings are nee- ded for maximum lifetimes. However, lifetime models accurate over the extended application durations are not currently available for a wide range of candidates and conditions. Increased mechanistic understanding and relevant long-term data sets will assist in model development and validation. Current progress is outlined for applying a reservoir-type model to Fe-base alloys and coatings. However, more work is needed to understand environmental effects, such as the presence of H2O, and to extend the current model to NiCrAl and NiCr alloys. As the critical performance factors are better understood, it will be easier to evaluate new materials in laboratory screening experiments. Sat, 01 Dec 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/153 2012-12-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/142 Title: Combination of Sorbents and Modification of Its Constituents to Enhance the Mopping Ability of Chemically Modified and Unmodified Biological Wastes on Crude Oil and Its Lower Fractions Authors: John Kanayochukwu Nduka Abstract: Protein wastes (feathers, goat hair) and cellulosic wastes (corn cob, coconut husks) were collected, washed with deter- gent solution, thoroughly rinsed and sun dried for 2 days before drying in an oven and then ground, half of ground ma- terial was carbonized at a maximum temperature of 500 ̊C after mixing with H2SO4.The carbonized parts were pulver- ized; both carbonized and uncarbonized sorbents were sieved into two particle sizes of 325 μm and 625 μm using me- chanical sieve.1.5 g protein wastes and cellulosic wastes were each used to mop up spilled crude oil, diesel, kerosene and petrol (separately before combining) by encasing them in a sac like boom of 2cm x 2cm x 1cm dimension so as to determine the efficacy of waste sorbents in cleaning hydrocarbon spills. Results of Tables 1(a)-4(a), 1(b)-4(b) and 5-8 shows that the sorbents mopped, desorbed and retained an average of more than 500%, 350% and 300% of their weight of the hydrocarbon sorbates within average of 90 mins contact time, the volume of sorbates mopped up increased sig- nificantly when equal weight of activated and unactivated sorbents were combined, the results of equal combination of activated and unactivated sorbents at each particle size and contact time were compared with that of calculated values, high percentage retention observed were a function of mechanism of absorption/adsorption. Each sorbent have a distinct feature that enhances its mopping ability. Large volumes of the hydrocarbon liquids were recovered by mere pressing, the sorbates were mopped up in the order; crude oil > diesel > kerosene > petrol. Protein sorbents with oleophilic and aqua phobic properties absorbed more of all the hydrocarbon liquids than cellulosic sorbents at any particle size and contact, the later tend to be more abundant and therefore cost effective; it was observed that both carbonized and un- carbonized sorbents are good hydrocarbon mops and therefore good alternative to synthetic polyurethane foam already in use. Combination, particle size, activation of sorbents, contact time, viscosity and chain length of hydrocarbon de- termined the amount of sorbates absorbed/adsorbed, recovered or retained. The residual leachable oil (kerosene) in the sorbents were below 5% and does not constitute serious environmental menace when left in an open dump to decay being biodegradable waste, but a brighter application is that the waste sorbent can be used in making logs as alternative to fire wood or in making particle board for furniture. Description: Protein wastes (feathers, goat hair) and cellulosic wastes (corn cob, coconut husks) were collected, washed with deter- gent solution, thoroughly rinsed and sun dried for 2 days before drying in an oven and then ground, half of ground ma- terial was carbonized at a maximum temperature of 500 ̊C after mixing with H2SO4.The carbonized parts were pulver- ized; both carbonized and uncarbonized sorbents were sieved into two particle sizes of 325 μm and 625 μm using me- chanical sieve.1.5 g protein wastes and cellulosic wastes were each used to mop up spilled crude oil, diesel, kerosene and petrol (separately before combining) by encasing them in a sac like boom of 2cm x 2cm x 1cm dimension so as to determine the efficacy of waste sorbents in cleaning hydrocarbon spills. Results of Tables 1(a)-4(a), 1(b)-4(b) and 5-8 shows that the sorbents mopped, desorbed and retained an average of more than 500%, 350% and 300% of their weight of the hydrocarbon sorbates within average of 90 mins contact time, the volume of sorbates mopped up increased sig- nificantly when equal weight of activated and unactivated sorbents were combined, the results of equal combination of activated and unactivated sorbents at each particle size and contact time were compared with that of calculated values, high percentage retention observed were a function of mechanism of absorption/adsorption. Each sorbent have a distinct feature that enhances its mopping ability. Large volumes of the hydrocarbon liquids were recovered by mere pressing, the sorbates were mopped up in the order; crude oil > diesel > kerosene > petrol. Protein sorbents with oleophilic and aqua phobic properties absorbed more of all the hydrocarbon liquids than cellulosic sorbents at any particle size and contact, the later tend to be more abundant and therefore cost effective; it was observed that both carbonized and un- carbonized sorbents are good hydrocarbon mops and therefore good alternative to synthetic polyurethane foam already in use. Combination, particle size, activation of sorbents, contact time, viscosity and chain length of hydrocarbon de- termined the amount of sorbates absorbed/adsorbed, recovered or retained. The residual leachable oil (kerosene) in the sorbents were below 5% and does not constitute serious environmental menace when left in an open dump to decay being biodegradable waste, but a brighter application is that the waste sorbent can be used in making logs as alternative to fire wood or in making particle board for furniture. Thu, 24 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/142 2012-05-24T00:00:00Z