http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/112 Thu, 16 Apr 2026 07:15:08 GMT 2026-04-16T07:15:08Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1373 Title: SPECTROSCOPIC AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Plukenetia conophora OIL Authors: OLOWOLAGBA, MARY ADENIKE Abstract: The spectroscopic studies revealed that Plukenetia conophora oil is an unsaturated oil having linolenic acid as the predominant fatty acid, the elemental analysis (C = 77.75% carbon, 10.95% hydrogen and 11.18% oxygen) corresponds with the calculated (78.39% carbon, 10.62% hydrogen, and 10.99% oxygen). The proton NMR revealed characteristic peaks at δ = 2.7- 2.8ppm for =CCH2C=, 3.9-4.3ppm for -OCH2CHOCH2O (glycemic group), 5.1-5.5ppm for - CH=C and so on. Physicochemical analyses that were carried out on the oil were organoleptic analysis, specific gravity, moisture content, smoke point, acid value, saponification value, ester value, peroxide value, iodine value, and free fatty acid value. The physicochemical report revealed that the oil is light- yellow in colour with a nutty smell, has smoke point of 240oC, specific gravity of 0.917g/cm3 which makes it less dense than water, refractive index (at 29oC) of 1.42 and moisture content (%) of 0.49 ± 0.028 which shows that it can be preserved for a long time. The iodine value characterization of the oil (5.63g/100g) suggests that it is non-drying oil suitable for paint making and that it is less susceptible to oxidation. The saponification value (162.02 ± 0.042 mgKOH/g) obtained suggests that it can be used in saponification industries such as soap making industry, the free fatty acid value (3.12 ± 0.014) gotten as oleic acid suggests that it is good for consumption, and the acid value obtained for the oil was 28.08 ± 0.042mgKOH/g. The peroxide value (1.04 Meq/kg) suggests less susceptibility of the oil to oxidation and its stability and ester value(101.36 ± 0.283mgKOHg-1) gotten for the oil falls between the range of oils good for consumption. Tue, 01 Sep 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1373 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1319 Title: FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF FRUIT SEEDS OF GOLD MOHUR (Delonix regia) AND AIDAN (Tetrapleura tetraptera) Authors: IMADE, UZORMA DE-GREAT Abstract: The Fatty Acid Analysis was carried out on the seeds of Gold Mohur (Delonix Regia) and aidan (Tetrapleura tetraptera) to determine their fatty acid composition, the result shows that the two seeds contain both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in different proportions. The result shows that the Gold Mohur (Delonix regia) is predominated by unsaturated fatty acids with total unsaturated fatty acid composition of 63.88% and the saturated fatty acid composition of 36.12% while the aidan fruit seed (Tetrapleura tetraptera) was predominated by the saturated fatty acid with total saturated fatty acid composition of 53.12% and the unsaturated fatty acid composition of 46.90% respectively Thu, 01 Oct 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1319 2015-10-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1294 Title: The Determination of Exposure to Total, Inhalable and Respirable Particles in Welders in Benin City, Edo State Authors: Ediagbonya, TF; Tobin, AE; Olumayede, EG; Okungbwa, GE; Iyekowa, O Abstract: In many welding processes, air pollutants are generated and take the form of dust, fume and gases. These particles generally remain suspended in air and in that way can be carried long distances from the welding arc. Plethora of studies have suggested that welding is insidious to the male reproductive system, other pernicious effect includes the development of benign pneumoconiosis, siderosis, respiratory impairment, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, muscle pain and a metallic taste in the mouth. The objectives of this study was to determine the personal exposure to total, inhalable and respirable particulate matter among welder in Benin City, subject the data to statistical analysis and compare the values obtained to the regulatory limits. The particles were captured using SKC Air Check Gravimetric Sampler. The sampling was done three times a week for six months between October 2011 to March 2012. The result showed that there was spatial variation in the measured TSP, respirable and Inhalable PM and also that the measured particulate matters were above the threshold Limit Value (TLV) in most of the locations studied except for welders in Oluku and Agbor which their TSP, Respirable and Inhalable are below this limit. Description: SKC Air Check Gravimetric Sampler. Thu, 14 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1294 2016-01-14T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1293 Title: Removal of tributyltin from shipyard process wastewater by fly ash, activated carbon and fly ash/activated carbon composite: adsorption models and kinetics Authors: Ayanda, Olushola S.; Ximba, Bhekumusa J.; Fatoki, Olalekan S.; Adekola, Folahan A. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The removal of tributyltin (TBT) from shipyard process wastewater using fly ash, activated carbon and fly ash/activated carbon composite was investigated. RESULTS: Adsorption experiments performed on TBT-contaminated artificial process wastewater revealed that the adsorption capacity of TBT increases with increase in the adsorbent amount, contact time, pH, stirring speed and initial TBT concentration. The adsorption isotherms and the kinetic data were well described by the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The negative values of the Gibbs energy change ( Go ) indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption and the positive values of the enthalpy change ( Ho ) showed that the adsorption process is endothermic. Optimal conditions for the adsorption of TBT from contaminated artificial process wastewater were applied to TBT removal from natural shipyard process wastewater and the results showed that 94.2%, 99.2% and 99.8% TBT were removed by the fly ash, activated carbon and fly ash/activated carbon composite, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the precursors as well as the composite could be employed as efficient adsorbents for the removal of TBT from contaminated shipyard process wastewater with the composite material exhibiting the highest adsorption efficiency. Description: Tributyltin (TBT) is an organic tin compound that is widely used in biocides, wood preservatives and antifouling paints. The use of TBT has led to serious contamination of the environment and causes harmful effects on aquatic organisms such as imposex in gastropods and abnormal embryonic development in sea urchins and marine invertebrates. Fri, 26 Apr 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1293 2013-04-26T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1292 Title: Kinetics and equilibrium models for the sorption of tributyltin to nZnO, activated carbon and nZnO/activated carbon composite in artificial seawater Authors: Ayanda, Olushola S.; Ximba, Bhekumusa J.; Adekola, Folahan A.; Fatoki, Olalekan S. Abstract: The removal of tributyltin (TBT) from artificial seawater using nZnO, activated carbon and nZnO /activated carbon composite was systematically studied. The equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption were investi- gated in a batch adsorption system. Equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freund- lich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. Pseudo first- and second-order, Elovich, fractional power and intraparticle diffusion models were applied to test the kinetic data. Thermodynamic parameters such as DG°, DS° and DH° were also calculated to understand the mechanisms of adsorption. Optimal conditions for the adsorption of TBT from artificial seawater were then applied to TBT removal from natural seawater. A higher removal efficiency of TBT (>99%) was obtained for the nZnO/activated carbon composite material and for activated carbon but not for nZnO. Description: Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound (OTC) that is used in the manufacturing of antifouling paints and is highly effective against fouling organisms. TBT is used to prevent the growth of fouling organisms on marine structures and vessels. TBT toxicity has been a large problem in aquatic environments. High concentra- tions of TBT have been found in the tissues of marine mammals and its presence has been linked to marine mammal mass mortal-ities. TBT causes imposex and calcification abnormalities in mol- lusks. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1292 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1288 Title: Comparability of Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Shell and Flesh of Penaeus notabilis Authors: Adeyeye, Emmanuel I.; Adubiaro, Habibat O.; Awodola, Olufemi J. Abstract: The chemical composition and the food properties of shell and flesh of Penaeus notabilis were evaluated. The protein, ash and energy were high whereas carbohydrate and fibre were low in the proximate composition. In the mineral composition, the mineral elements in shell were corresponding higher than the level in flesh. The total essential amino acids in shell was 740mg/g protein and 865mg/g protein in flesh. The limiting amino acid in both shell and flesh was threonine. In the functional properties, both water absorption, oil absorption and oil emulsion capacities were all high with foaming stability at 25% (90min) in both tissues. The lowest gelation was low in both tissues. The protein solubility was high at both sides of pH with isoelectric point being 5.0 (shell) and 7.0 (flesh). The followings: proximate, mineral, amino acids and essential amino acids composition, functional properties and protein solubility, all showed that correlation coefficients r-values > t ", n-2 meaning that the correlations were significant with high positive values at r0.05. Description: Shrimps, caught from fresh, marine and brackish waters and ponds of various types, are becoming delicacies in Nigeria. They are eaten either whole (shell+flesh) after drying or as flesh alone (when fresh). The usage of the terms "shrimp' and "prawn' varies in different parts of the world. For scientific purposes, they should be taken as synonymous. Holthuis (1980) gave a most useful discussion on the usage of the word in different countries. What are referred to as "crayfish' in West African English are actually shrimps. True crayfish (Decapoda reptantia) do not occur in mainland tropical Africa, except as introduced populations in East Africa. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1288 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1199 Title: EFFECTS OF BOILING ON THE PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THREE SPECIES OF GARDEN EGG (Solanum aithiopicum, Solanum aubergine and Solanum anguivi) Authors: AWORINDE, Omowunmi Rebecca; OGUNDELE, J. O. Abstract: Three species of garden egg namely Solanum aithiopicum, Solanum aubergine and Solanum anguivi processed into raw and boiled powdered flour, samples were taken for their nutritional and mineral components using standard analytical methods. Proximate composition determined include total ash, moisture content, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate by difference, the mineral components determined are P, Fe, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn, Ni and Cu. The proximate analysis 92.40%, and the raw sample has the values of 12.31 ± 0.01, 10.32 ±0.025, 6.83 ± 0.031, 3.20 ±0.059, 4.27 ± 0.015 and 63.08 ± 0.035 for its protein, moisture, fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate respectively. The values carbohydrate of the raw sample of Solanum aubergine was also found to be 12.49 ±0.01, 9.47 ±0.01, 6.71 ±0.01, 3.43±0.01, 4.19±0.01, 63.7 ± 0.01 respectively. The values (%)for protein, moisture, fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate of the raw sample of Solanum aubergine was also found to be 12.49 ±0.01, 9.47 ±0.01, 6.71 ±0.01, 3.43±0.01, 4.19±0.01, 63.7 ± 0.01 respectively. The values moisture, fat, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate of the raw sample of Solanum anguivi was also found to be 12.32 ±0.02, 8.87 ±0.01, 6.79 ±0.01, 3.47 ±0.01, 3.11 ±0.01 and 65.4 ±0.02 respectively. The mineral component potassium composition with the value of 5.113±0.003 while the potassium composition of boiled Solanum anguivi is 5.055± 2.857. The value of phosphorus composition aithiopicum, Solanum aubergine and Solanum anguivi are 7.209±0.002, 29.896±0.002 and5.4068±0.002 aithiopicum, Solanum aubergine and Solanum anguivi are 5.7058±0.002, 14.417±0.003 and 2.783±0.002 respectively .Most of the nutrients content were reduced after boiling, these results show that boiling reduces the nutritional contents of Solanum aithiopicum, Solanum aubergine and Solanum anguivi but the difference is very minimal. Thu, 01 Oct 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1199 2015-10-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1135 Title: EFFECTS OF BOILING ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF THREE SPECIES OF GARDEN EGG (Solanumaithiopicum Solanumaubergine and Solanumanguivi) Authors: ADELEYE, TEMITOPE A; OGUNLEYE, J.O Abstract: Garden egg (Solanum spp) has been reported to exhibit several pharmacological properties and widely used in folk medicine for the traditional treatment of ailments. Hence, this study sought to investigate the antioxidant properties of the aqueous extract of boiled and unboiled garden egg varieties (solanumaubergineSolanumaithiopicumSolanumanguivi) using several antioxidant parameters. The extract were tested for free radical scavenging ability, ferric reducing properties and Fe 2+ chelating ability. Furthermore the phytochemicals constituent (Total phenolic, flavonoids and vitamin C) of the extract were determine. Result showed that the extracts demonstrated potent free radical scavenging and ferric reducing ability and iron chelating activity in vitro. The total phenolic content, and the antioxidant capacity (free radical scavenging ability, ferricreducing properties and Fechelating ability), of the boiled extracts were substantially higher than those of the unboiled, while the flavonoid, vitamin C and Fe2+ chelating ability of aqueous extract of Solanum spp of the boiled extract reduced for all the three varieties studied. Among the three varieties, solanum aubergine has a significantly much higher content of total phenolic which varied between (11.87-18.75mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE] mg/ml). Additionally, a high correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (except Fe 2+ chelating ability of aqueous extract which reduced) was found in all the three garden egg varieties. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the effectiveness of bioactive compounds in food can be affected by thermal treatment. Boiling can increase the antioxidant activity. Thu, 01 Oct 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1135 2015-10-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1129 Title: EFFECT OF FERMENTATION CONDITIONS ON ALCOHOL PRODUCTION FROM SWEET POTATOES Authors: ADEKOLA, ADETUNJI Abstract: Fermentation is a metabolic process which involves the microbial degradation of sugars, resulting to the conversion of sugar to acids, gases and/or alcohol. It is also used more broadly to refer to the bulk growth of microorganisms on a growth medium. This research project was carried out to produce ethanol from two locally available varieties of sweet potatoes within Nigeria while varying the fermentation parameters such as temperature, time and mass ratio of yeast to potato. The ethanol produced from each experiment was then titrated to calculate the amount of ethanol produced discover the most efficient temperature, time and mass ratio of yeast to potato for the fermentation process within our country. From this study, the most efficient fermentation conditions have been established i.e. 48 hours fermentation time, fermentation temperature of 35 be oversaturated on the potato mash. o C and a mass ratio of yeast to potato that would not Thu, 01 Oct 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1129 2015-10-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1119 Title: STUDIES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BLENDS OF NATURAL RUBBER AND CHLOROPRENE RUBBER Authors: ABIMBOLA, RAJI Abstract: Recently, blending of polymers has become an impressively important area of research activity. Elastomers blending are based on many reasons such as lowering the compounding cost, processing ability and improving the performance of the industrial rubber. Natural rubber(NR) and polychloroprene Thu, 01 Oct 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1119 2015-10-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/961 Title: Source Identification and Apportionment of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds using PCA/APCS in an Urban Settlement of Benin CitySouthern, Nigeria Authors: Olumayede, E.G Abstract: Source Identification, Apportionment, Volatile Organic Compounds; Ambient air Description: Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Tue, 01 Apr 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/961 2014-04-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/958 Title: Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds and Ozone Creation Potential in an Urban Center of Southern Nigeria Authors: Olumayede, Emmanuel Abstract: The relative contribution of individual volatile organic compounds (VOC) species to photochemical ozone formation depends on their atmospheric concentrations and their oxidation mechanism. In an attempt to evaluate the ozone creation potential of ambient VOCs captured in an urban settlement of Benin City, Nigeria, the VOCs concentrations data collected in field studies at nine measurement sites of different air quality in the city and a background site were analysed. Air samples were collected at human breathing height of 1.5 meters from ground level at each site. Active sampling method using the low volume sampling pump (Acuro, Drager, Lubeck, Germany) was used to drawn the air into the tube; the absorbent was Chromosorb 106. The sampling periods were between May 2010 and June 2011; the period covered both dry and wet seasons. The adsorbed gases were desorbed using solvent extraction method with carbon disulphide as solvent. The extracted solutions were analyzed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometer. The observed concentrations of individual VOCs were determined and maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) coefficient along with rate constants of VOC-OH reactions were applied to assess the ozone formation potential of individual VOC in the ambient atmosphere. Sixteen VOC species were observed at various sites with mixing height in decreasing order: toluene (5.82), mp-xylene (3.58), ethylbenzene (3.46), benzene (2.29), and n-butane (0.84). The ozone formation potential study revealed that, ranking by propyl-equivalent, the alkanes included in this study account for 58% of the total propyl-equivalent concentration. The total ozone creation potential in the atmosphere of the Benin City was calculated to be 281.1 μg/m3 . A comparison of total ozone formation potential (OFP) in our study with results obtained from other cities of the world revealed that the total concentration of ozone production in our study is threefold lower than the values reported in China city of Foshan. It is suggested that the sources of this pollutant need to be monitored in the area as a way of curtailing the impact of ozone in this city. Description: Atmospheric Ozone Thu, 21 Aug 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/958 2014-08-21T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/943 Title: Proximate Composition and Some Functional Properties of Three Varieties of Lagenaria Siceraria Melon Seeds Authors: Ogundele, Joan O. Abstract: Dried seeds of Lagenaria Siceraria (African wine kettle), Lagenaria Siceraria (Basketball gourd) and Lagenaria Siceraria (Bushel Giant Gourd) were produced into flour and subjected to proximate analysis and determination of some functional properties. The proximate analysis (%) shows that the seeds have fat and protein contents (46.03±1.41, 53.35±0.24, 50.91±1.28) and (34.64±0.08,27.71±0.41, 32.70±0.03) respectively. They also have Total ash contents (3.75±0.14, 4.07±0.22, 4.5±0.18), Moisture contents (5.67±0.05, 5.13±0.04, 5.67±0.09), and Carbohydrate (8.29±1.04, 8.99±0.49, 5.12±1.36). respectively. The water and oil absorption capacity (%g/g) are (65.00±4.08, 101.70±6.25, 75.00±4.08) and (111.51±9.10, 84.46±11.95, 167.44±15.76) respectively. These results show the three varieties of Lagenaria Siceraria to be good sources of oil and fat, with functional properties that are favourable human consumption and for industrial applications. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/943 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/942 Title: Antioxidant and Toxicity Screenings of extracts obtained from Cyperus esculentus Authors: Abimbade, Sunday F.; Oloyede, Ganiyat K.; Nwabueze, Charles C. Abstract: Phytochemicals responsible for toxicity and antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from Cyperus esculentus were investigated. Toxicity test was carried out using Brine shrimp lethality test while in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by three methods; scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH), inhibition of hydroxyl radical and peroxide oxidation by ferric thiocynate method. Secondary plant metabolites responsible for observed activities in Cyperus esculentus are alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides. Brine shrimp lethality test revealed that hexane extract was toxic while the methanol extract was not toxic with a lethality dose (LC50) greater than 1000 µ/ml. The toxicity results support its local use as an antibiotics/antifungal. Both extracts possessed significant antioxidant activity when compared with antioxidant standards; butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol used in the assay. The %inhibition was between 98.24% and 95.30% at 0.00625 mg/ml for the n - hexane and methanol extracts respectively. The high antioxidant activity of the plant extracts at low concentration shows that it could be very useful for the treatment of ailments resulting from oxidative stress. Thu, 01 May 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/942 2014-05-01T00:00:00Z