http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/926 2026-04-16T04:28:46Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1069 Title: Acute toxicity of water extract of Tephrosia vogelii Hook to species relevant in aquaculture ponds: rotifers, Cyclops, mosquito larvae and fish Authors: Agbon, Andrew; Ofojekwu, Chyke; Ezenwaka, Israel Abstract: Rotenone is used to clear ponds of unwanted organisms and trash fish which may predate on fish when the ponds are stocked. Toxicity tests using water extract of the leaves of Tephrosia vogelii Hook, which contains rotenone, were conducted on rotifers (Brachionus species), Cyclops, mosquito larvae (Culex species) and fish (Aphyosemion gardneri nigerianum) in static bioassays. The 48-h LC50s were derived from probit curves using the probit-analysis method, while chisquare was used to test for significant differences between observed mean mortalities and predicted mean mortality values. These showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). The variance ratio of the replicates in each treatment also showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The 48-h LC50s were found to be 2.89, 1.04, 4.48 and 0.24 mg L)1 for rotifers, Cyclops, mosquito larvae and fish, respectively. The probit mortalities were positively correlated with the log-concentration, except for the rotifers bioassay, which was negative. The fish, A. gardneri nigerianum, was the most sensitive; the mosquito larvae were the least sensitive. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1016 Title: WATER BALANCE AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS IN WATER-RESTRICTED GOATS DURING HOT-DRY SEASON Authors: ABIOJA, MONSURU OLADIMEJI; OSINOWO, OLUSEGUN AYODEJI; ABIONA, JOHN ADESANYA; SODIPE, OLUBUNMI GRACE Abstract: Six West African Dwarf (WAD) and 6 Red Sokoto (RS) dry female goats were subjected to volumetric water restriction (WR). The experiment was arranged in a modified cross-over design with 3 treatment periods (TPs) of 1 week each and 2-week wash-out (WO) period. The goats were subjected to 3 graded levels of WR daily: ad libitum (0 %), 33 % and 67 %. Blood samples on day 1 and day 7 of each TP were collected. Daily urine and faeces were collected for 3 days each TP. Combining data for the two breeds, WR had no significant (P>0.05) effect on initial value, final value or differences in the values of the packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, plasma urea, plasma osmolality, blood glucose, total serum protein, albumin and globulin. No significant (P>0.05) effect of water restriction on urine volume, fresh faeces, faecal DM and volume of water in faeces was recorded. However, based on metabolic weight, water loss in faeces was significantly (P<0.05) higher in 0 % WR grade level than in 33 % and 67 % WR grade level groups. Similarly, water intake-urine ratio was higher in 0 % and 33 % than in 67 % group. Taking each breed separately, there was significant (P<0.05) effect of WR on faecal output and faecal water content (FWC). RS goats voided more faeces (DM) than WAD goats at 0 % but not at 33 % and 67 % restriction levels. FWC per metabolic weight was higher in RS than in WAD goats at all WR levels. In RS goats, there was a gradual decrease in FWC with increase in water restriction level, whilst there was no significant difference in WAD goats. WR did not affect the blood parameters, however WAD goats proved superior to RS in regulating amount of water losses in faeces, thereby showing a higher capacity to cope with water shortage 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1004 Title: Effect of Soil Moisture Level on the growth of the Giant African Land Snails, Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina in different season. Authors: Sodipe, Olubnunmi G; OSINOWO, OLUSEGUN AYODEJI; Ozoje, Micheal O.; Idowu, A.Babatude; Onadeko, Samuel A. Abstract: This study focused on the evaluation of the effect of soil moisture on the feed intake and weight gain of the Giant African Land snails, Achatina achatina and Archachatina marginata in different seasons using a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial experiment with soil moisture at two levels (low 25ml of water/ week and high 100ml water/week), species at two levels (Achatina achatina and Archachatina marginata) and season at four levels (cold dry, hot dry, hot wet and cold wet) constituting the three factors. Result showed that there was a significant seasonal differences (P<0.001) for weekly feed intake of snails in which values of 3.85, 2.53, 3.88 and 4.44g were recorded in cold dry, hot dry, hot wet and cold wet seasons, respectively. Monthly weight gains of 5.41g recorded for Archachatina marginata was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the value of 1.94g recorded for Achatina achatina. There was significant interaction (P<0.001) between soil moisture level and species on monthly weight gains of the snails. The feed intake and weight gain of snails (4.28 g and 6.43 g) in the high soil moisture treatment was significantly (P<0.01) higher than those in the low soil moisture treatment (3.07 g and 5.30 g). In conclusion, it is evident that species, season and soil moisture level affected the feed intake and weight gain of the Giant African Land Snails. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/945 Title: Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from naturally infected children in north-central Nigeria using the merozoite surface protein-2 as molecular marker Authors: Oyedeji, Segun; Awobode, Henrietta; Anumudu, Chiaka; Kun, Jürgen Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) field isolates in children from Lafia, North-central Nigeria, using the highly polymorphic P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP-2) gene as molecular marker. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty children were enrolled into the study between 2005 and 2006. These included 140 children who presented with uncomplicated malaria at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia and another 180 children from the study area with asymptomatic infection. DNA was extracted from blood spot on filter paper and MSP-2 genes were genotyped using allele-specific nested PCR in order to analyze the genetic diversity of parasite isolates. RESULTS: A total of 31 and 34 distinct MSP-2 alleles were identified in the asymptomatic and uncomplicated malaria groups respectively. No difference was found between the multiplicity of infection in the asymptomatic group and that of the uncomplicated malaria group (P>0.05). However, isolates of the FC27 allele type were dominant in the asymptomatic group whereas isolates of the 3D7 allele type were dominant in the uncomplicated malaria group. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high genetic diversity of P. falciparum isolates in North-central Nigeria and is comparable to reports from similar areas with high malaria transmission intensity. 2013-08-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/944 Title: WATER BALANCE AND SOME BLOOD PARAMETERS IN WATER-RESTRICTED GOATS DURING HOT-DRY SEASON Authors: ABIOJA, MONSURU OLADIMEJI; OSINOWO, OLUSEGUN AYODEJI; ABIONA, JOHN ADESANYA; SODIPE, OLUBUNMI GRACE Abstract: Six West African Dwarf (WAD) and 6 Red Sokoto (RS) dry female goats were subjected to volumetric water restriction (WR). The experiment was arranged in a modified cross-over design with 3 treatment periods (TPs) of 1 week each and 2-week wash-out (WO) period. The goats were subjected to 3 graded levels of WR daily: ad libitum (0 %), 33 % and 67 %. Blood samples on day 1 and day 7 of each TP were collected. Daily urine and faeces were collected for 3 days each TP. Combining data for the two breeds, WR had no significant (P>0.05) effect on initial value, final value or differences in the values of the packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, plasma urea, plasma osmolality, blood glucose, total serum protein, albumin and globulin. No significant (P>0.05) effect of water restriction on urine volume, fresh faeces, faecal DM and volume of water in faeces was recorded. However, based on metabolic weight, water loss in faeces was significantly (P<0.05) higher in 0 % WR grade level than in 33 % and 67 % WR grade level groups. Similarly, water intake-urine ratio was higher in 0 % and 33 % than in 67 % group. Taking each breed separately, there was significant (P<0.05) effect of WR on faecal output and faecal water content (FWC). RS goats voided more faeces (DM) than WAD goats at 0 % but not at 33 % and 67 % restriction levels. FWC per metabolic weight was higher in RS than in WAD goats at all WR levels. In RS goats, there was a gradual decrease in FWC with increase in water restriction level, whilst there was no significant difference in WAD goats. WR did not affect the blood parameters, however WAD goats proved superior to RS in regulating amount of water losses in faeces, thereby showing a higher capacity to cope with water shortage. 2015-08-19T00:00:00Z