http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/36 2026-04-16T07:14:53Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1304 Title: PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF AQUACULTURE IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA Authors: Omobepade, Bayode Abstract: The study utilized primary data collected from 80 respondents selected via multistage sampling procedure to analyzed the cost and return of aquaculture production in Ekiti State, Nigeria A predictive multiple regression model was estimated to determine the influence of cost of inputs on the farmer’s revenue. Profitability parameters such as Gross margin, Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), Return on Investment (ROI) and Percentage Profitability (PP) were used to estimate the profitability of aquaculture. The result revealed personal savings (42.50%) as the major source of working capital and about 91.60 % of the production cost is incurred on feed, fingerlings and labour. Also, about 69% of the variation in net revenue in aquaculture production was accounted for by the costs of water, feed, fuel, labour, fingerlings and other cost. The values of the Gross Margin (N390, 942.80), Benefit-Cost Ratio (1.74), Return on Investment (0.74) and Percentage Profitability) (74.38) indicated that aquaculture is profitable in the study area. The result further revealed that 40.00 % of the respondents made a profit within the range of N 201,000 to N 300,000. Based on the findings, it is recommended that aquaculturists should learn how to formulate quality feeds from locally available ingredients to complement their usual supply Aquaculturists should also endeavor to organize themselves into cooperatives to facilitate their access to credit facilities. Public awareness is needed to further arouse the interest of individuals, especially youth to consider fish farming as wealth creation venture in the state. Description: The objectives considered for this study were to determine the influence of production cost on the net income of aquaculturists as well as evaluate the cost returns and profitability of aquaculture production in the study area. 2015-03-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1303 Title: Morpho-Fecundity of Berried African River Prawn (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) in Asejire Reservoir, Nigeria Authors: Omobepade, Bayode Abstract: The relationship between the morphology and fecundity of African River prawn (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) in Asejire Reservoir, Nigeria was evaluated between March and August, 2014. A total of 209 M. vollenhovenii were collected during daytime from fishermen’s catch landed at Asejire Reservoir, Nigeria. Morphometric parameters and weight of each ovary were determined using graduated measuring board and OHAUS sensitive digital balance (Model CP4 13) to the nearest 0.1cm and 0.01 g respectively. Fecundity was estimated by direct counting of spawnable eggs from the ovigerous females under binocular microscope (Model XSZ-107BN). A simple linear regression analysis was used to depict the relationship between morphometric and fecundity parameters. Results indicated that the total weight of specimen collected ranged between 64.56g and 87.02g while the length ranged between 10.40cm and 15.70 cm with average of 13.98 ± 0.23cm. The number of eggs in the ovaries of the samples ranged between 66604.00 and 99178.00. Relative fecundity (weight) ranged between 4789.00 and 5151.00 while gonadosomatic index in the berried prawns ranged between 4.33 and 7.26 % with an average of 6.43 ± 0.25 %. All morphometric indices had positive relationships with fecundity parameters with the highest (98%) recorded in total length and numbers of eggs in the ovary. Total length was the best factor for predicting the fecundity of African River prawn in the study area. Hence, this result provides information for biologists and policy makers in the areas of reproduction and sustainability of M. vollenhovenii in Nigeria and other developing nations to further analyze its sustainability of biodiversity. Description: Morphometric and fecundity study is an integral component of modern fisheries stock assessments and in turn for effective fisheries and endangered species management. 2015-09-18T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1071 Title: Histopathological Effects Of Acutely Toxic Levels Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent On Gill And Liver Of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings Authors: Ademola Michael, Akinsorotan Abstract: The toxicity of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) was investigated with emphasis on histopathological ef fects of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) juvenile. Static bioassay was conducted to determine the LC 50 of POME to Nile tilapia fingerlings. The fishes were exposed to 0, 5, 25, 50 mg/l of POME. Histopathological examinations were performed on the gill s and liver of Nile tilap ia fingerlings exposed to POME under standard laboratory condition. 120 live and apparently healthy O. niloticus fingerling s measuring 9.3 - 10.6cm standard length and weighed between 5.8g and 6.5g were randomly distributed into twelve (40cm x 29cm x 28cm) glass tanks of 60 litres capacity each were filled with 20litres aerated unchlorinated well water at ten f ish/tank for the e xperiment. The toxicant was introduced at different concentrations in duplicate per treatment . The lethal concentration (LC 50 ) value of POME was 9.19mg/l for 96h of exposure. The total mortality occurred in the concentration of 50mg/litre within 24hours of exposure period. Toxic reactions exhibited by the fish include erratic movement, air gulping, loss of reflex, molting, barb ell deformation, hemorrha ge and excessive mucus secretion in fish exposed to higher concentration of POME. Histopathology of the or gans after 96 hr exposure revealed cell proliferation, lamellar fusion, lamellar cell hyperplasia, and epithelial lifting. In the liver, there was vacu olation of hepatocytes and necrosis. The changes in these tissues occur predominantly in the 96 hr exposu re. Respiratory stress, erratic swimming and instant death of fish were observed in exposed fish, which varied with the concentratio n of the toxicant. Histopathological examination of the gills and liver of Nile tilapia fingerlings showed varied degre es of degenerative changes including vacuolation and necrosis which worsened with increasing concentration of the effluent. Obs ervations on the bioassay test indicated hyper exetability and the eagerness of the test fish to jump out of the pollutant. This is a confirmation that fish in river Oluwa where Palm Oil Mill Effluent had been discharged into over decades must have either migrated o ut of the zones or died d ue to POME toxicity. POME is highly toxic to Oreochromis niloticus , therefore it’s discharged direc tly into water bodies, near fish farms or in areas close to aquatic bodies should not be encouraged 2013-03-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1066 Title: Evaluation of Heavy Metals on Wetland Biodiversity of Oluwa River (South west Nigeria) POME Poluuted Area Authors: Ademola Michael, Akinsorotan Abstract: The evaluation of Mg, Ca, Na, K, Cu, Mn, Fe, Hg, Zn and Pb concentrations in some component of biodiversity {Fish (Oreochromis niloticus);water ; soil sediment and submerge vegetation} from Oluwa River, Ondo State, Nigeria using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique is discussed. The river was stratified into four zones. Zone A, (ZA) was point of direct effluent discharge from the Palm Oil factory, zone B was point 50m away from ZA, towards the direction of water flow, zone C was point 100m away from ZA and zone D the control zone, was point 100m upstream from ZA without contact with the effluent. Physico-chemical parameters such as BOD, COD, DO2, Temperature, conductivity and pH were also measured. Biodiversity samplings were carried out once weekly for 4 weeks and samples collected were prepared for analyses/measurements. The analytical samples are irradiated with high energy electrons of 109Cd to produce fluorescent X-rays was produced which passes to the Silicon-lithium detector through Mo target as a source of monochromatic X-rays. The spectrum of energy generated on the detector was processed by a Multi- Channel Analyzer to obtain analytical data. The intensity of the fluorescent X-rays on the detector is proportional to the concentration of the individual element of interest in the sample. This method can identify up to 30 or more elements at the same time. The results showed varying levels of heavy metals in the fishes, Water, Bottom sediment and submerged vegetation (biodiversity). The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Ni in the fishes were much higher than WHO and FEPA maximum permissible limits, while the concentrations of Zn and Pb were lower than the standards. Results showed that pH; chemical oxygen demand (COD); biological oxygen demand (BOD); conductivity and temperature (ToC) of POME were critical for the survival of aquatic organisms. Water pH; dissolved oxygen (DO); COD; BOD and ToC were most critical (P<0.05) at ZA and improved along ZC, while there was no effect in ZD. There were positively high correlation between DO/pH; COD/pH; BOD/pH; conductivity/pH; ToC/pH/COD/BOD and conductivity. Negative correlation also existed between COD/DO; BOD/DO; conductivity/DO and ToC/DO. Regression analyses indicated high coefficient of determination R2 between the water parameters and low R2 between DO/ToC which had equation as DO = 72.0-2.45ToC. Biodiversity mineral concentration was excessively high due to POME pollution, indicating possible subtoxic effect. The results suggest that the lake is polluted with Cr, Mn, Cu and Ni and the consumption of fishes of the lake is life threatening to man. This is a confirmation that fish in river Oluwa within the polluted areas must have either migrated out of the zones or died due to POME toxicity. 2013-03-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1062 Title: THE EFFECTS OF VARYING LEVELS OF YEAST (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ON THE GROWTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF Heterobranchus longifilis FINGERLINGS Authors: Babalola, Theophilus Olayiwola; Ovie, S.O.; Ibiyo, L.M.O.; Eze, S.S. Abstract: This study investigated the effects of yeast on the growth and body composition of Heterobranchus longifilis. Fingerlings of Heterobrachus longifilis (mean weight 31.89 ± 0.4 g) were stocked ten fish in 35L of water in 54L capacity aquaria and fed varying levels of yeast in floating diets for 56 days. Four treatments having 1.0 g, 2.0 g, 3.0 g and 4.0 g yeast/100 g respectively with a control diet, were investigated in triplicates. The diets had 42.56 %, 43.32 %, 43.69 %, 43.86 % and 43.98% crude protein. The fish fed 4 g yeast /100g and 16.99 g wheat offal/100 g diet showed the best growth. All growth parameters varied significantly (p < 0.05). The carcass composition of the fish showed that the protein and the lipid content were highest with the fish fed the control diet. The survival of the fish was high and it varied significantly (p < 0.05). 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1061 Title: Effect of dietary palm oil on growth and carcass composition of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings Authors: Babalola, Theophilus Olayiwola Abstract: This study investigated the effects of dietary palm oil (PO) on growth performance and carcass composition of Heterobranchus longifilis with the goal of replacing dietary fish oil with palm oil. In this study triplicate groups of H. longifilis fingerlings were fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks. Five isonitrogenous (45% crude protein), isoenergetic (20 KJg-1) experimental diets were made containing either 6.0% FO and 0% PO, 4.5% FO and 1.5% PO; 3.0% FO and 3.0% PO; 1.5% FO and 4.5% PO; or 0% FO and 6.0% PO using soybean and fish meal as the protein source. Dietary palm oil had no significant effect on growth rate or feed conversion ratio. Similarly, No significant differences were observed between dietary treatments for moisture, protein and ash content in H. longifilis fingerlings. However, fillet saturated, monounsaturated fatty acids and liver lipid deposition were significantly (P<0.05) higher in fish fed 6.0% PO diet. This study suggests that the replacement of cod liver oil by palm oil as lipid supplement in the diet permitted a clear improvement of growth and FCR of H. longifilis. This indicates that PO can effectively replace FO in the diet of the fish without compromising fish growth and feed efficiency. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1060 Title: The use of cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam and their by-products by Non-ruminamts Authors: Babalola, Theophilus Olayiwola; Apata, David Friday Abstract: As the search for alternative sources of energy for non ruminants continues, this review was undertaken to examine the potential value of cassava (Manihot utilissima Pohl.), sweet potato (Ipomea batatas Poir.), cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott.) and their by-products as dietary supplements for non ruminants. Studies on these roots and tubers showed that, on a dry-weight basis, contained 2.0 – 7.9% crude protein, 0.3 – 3.1% crude fibre and 72.4 – 77.9% starch. The practical use of these roots and tubers in non ruminant feeds is generally low. This level of utilization is attributed to the low protein and dry matter and the potentially toxic cyanogenic glycosides in fresh cassava and irritating substance in cocoyam. Processing techniques such as fermentation, soaking, boiling, ensiling and sun-drying are adopted to remove the deleterious substances, and effects on animals. The comparable performance of pigs and poultry fed varying levels of roots and tubers and their by-products with those maintained on maize showed that they can be used as substitutes in non-ruminants diets at certain levels without detrimental effects. To achieve increase in the use of these root crops and their by-products for maize replacement in intensive non-ruminant production systems, adequate protein supplementation and proper processing are essential. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1049 Title: Aggression and sex differences in lateralization in the zebrafish Authors: Ariyomo, Tolulope O; Watt, Penelope J Abstract: Aggression plays an important role in survival and reproduction. It can be measured using mirror and dyadic tests, but there is some debate about whether interactions with a mirror image and with a real opponent measure the same aspects of aggressiveness. Variation in aggressiveness among individuals has been linked to behavioural lateralization. Lateralization, the preference for one side of the body over the other, has been reported widely in vertebrates. During aggression, individuals may use their right or left eye to view their opponent, but results vary among vertebrates; while some show a left-eye preference, others show a right-eye preference, with some individuals being more strongly lateralized than others within a population. In this study, we determined whether adult male and female zebrafish, Danio rerio, showed similar levels of aggression towards a mirror image as towards an opponent, and whether there were differences in eye use when the fish displayed aggressive behaviours. We found no difference in the rate of aggression shown towards a mirror image and an opponent, indicating that both tests are representative of the same measure. Furthermore, the sex of the zebrafish and the aggression test they experienced had a significant effect on eye use. Eye use by the females when viewing their opponent was similar to that of the males when they viewed an image and an opponent, but males used their left eye more. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1031 Title: Effect of dietary alternative lipid sources on haematological parameters and serum constituents of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings Authors: Babalola, Theophilus Olayiwola Abstract: The worldwide increase in aquaculture production and the decrease of wild fish stocks has made the replacement of fish oil (FO) in aquafeed industry a priority. Therefore, the use of terrestrial animal fats and vegetable oils, which has lower cost and larger supplies, may be good as substitute for FO. This study investigate the effects of total replacement of FO by two terrestrial animal fats (pork lard and poultry fat) and three vegetable oils (palm kernel oil, sheabutter oil and sunflower oil) on haematological and serum biochemical profile of Heterobranchus longifilis over 70 days. FO-diet was used as the control. The haematological parameters were significantly affected by dietary lipid sources. Serum total protein was not influenced by the dietary lipids. However, serum cholesterol was significantly higher in fish fed diet containing sunflower oil. Glucose and activities of liver enzymes in blood serum were significantly reduced in fish fed alternative lipids when compared with the control. These results indicate that FO can be replaced completely with alternative lipids without any serious negative health impacts. 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1026 Title: Effect of hunger level and time of day on boldness and aggression in the zebrafish Danio rerio Authors: Ariyomo, Tolulope O; Watt, Penelope J Abstract: The effect of two environmental variables, hunger level (fed or not fed before behavioural assays) and time of day (morning or afternoon), on the boldness and aggressiveness of male and female zebrafish Danio rerio, was tested. The results showed that neither hunger level nor time of testing influenced boldness in males and females, but hunger level significantly affected aggression in females when compared with males. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1020 Title: Effects of dietary lipid source on growth, digestibility and tissue fatty acid composition of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings Authors: Babalola, Theophilus Olayiwola; Apata, David Friday Abstract: One of the major problems facing aquaculture is the inadequate supply of fish oil mostly used for fish feed manufacturing. The continued growth in aquaculture production cannot depend on this finite feed resources, therefore, it is imperative that cheap and readily available substitutes that do not compromise fish growth and fillet quality be found. To achieve this, a 12-week feeding trial with Heterobranchus longifilis fed diets differing in lipid source was conducted. Diets were supplemented with 6% lipid as fish oil, soybean oil, palm oil, coconut oil, groundnut oil and melon seed oil. Triplicate groups of 20 H. longifilis were fed the experimental diets two times a day to apparent satiation, over 84 days. Growth, digestibility, and muscle fatty acid profile were measured to assess diet effects. At the end of the study, survival, feed intake and hepatosomatic index were similar for fish fed experimental diets. However, weight gain, SGR and FCR of fish fed soybean oil-based diet was significantly reduced. Apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were significantly lower in fish fed soybean, coconut and groundnut oil-based diets. Fillet and hepatic fatty acid compositions differed and reflected the fatty acid compositions of the diets. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n- 3), 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6 were conserved in vegetable oils-based diets fed fish possibly due to synthesis of HUFA from 18:3n-3 and 18:4n-6. Palm oil diet was the least expensive, and had the best economic conversion ratio. The use of vegetable oils in the diets had positive effect on growth and fillet composition of H. longifilis. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1008 Title: Toxicity of Dizensate (Glyphosate herbicide) on Clarias gariepinus fingerlings Authors: Akinsorotan, Ademola Michael Abstract: Run-off containing a number of chemical solutions, which include herbicides, effluents, find their ways into the water bodies with a resultant negative effects on the aquatic ecosystem. This study sought to establish the effects of herbicide widely used in eradicating aquatic weed; Dizensate glyphosate (N- phosphonomethyl glycine) on Fingerlings of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The four day static bioassay was used to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the value was 18.07 mg/l. Mean mortality was 0, 17, 58, 75 and 92% in the concentration of 9.6, 14.4, 19.2, 21.6 and 24.0 mg/l respectively, while there was no mortality in the control treatment. There were significant differences (P<0.05) on the effect of concentration. Fish responses to the toxicant include erratic movement, air gulping, loss of reflex, molting, barbell deformation and excessive mucus secretion. Mortality increased with increase in concentration of Dizensate glyphosate on catfish fingerlings and time of exposure. The physicochemical parameters also showed a slight increase as the concentration increased. It could be concluded that Dizensate glyphosate; an aquatic herbicide, has harmful effects on the physiology, biochemistry and histological structure of fish which in turn affects the growth rate. 2014-05-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/1007 Title: Effect of dietary alternative lipid sources on haematological parameters and serum constituents of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings Authors: Babalola, Theophilus Olayiwola; Apata, David Friday; Omotosho, J.S; Adebayo, M.A. Abstract: The worldwide increase in aquaculture production and the decrease of wild fish stocks has made the replacement of fish oil (FO) in aquafeed industry a priority. Therefore, the use of terrestrial animal fats and vegetable oils, which has lower cost and larger supplies, may be good as substitute for FO. This study investigate the effects of total replacement of FO by two terrestrial animal fats (pork lard and poultry fat) and three vegetable oils (palm kernel oil, sheabutter oil and sunflower oil) on haematological and serum biochemical profile of Heterobranchus longifilis over 70 days. FO-diet was used as the control. The haematological parameters were significantly affected by dietary lipid sources. Serum total protein was not influenced by the dietary lipids. However, serum cholesterol was significantly higher in fish fed diet containing sunflower oil. Glucose and activities of liver enzymes in blood serum were significantly reduced in fish fed alternative lipids when compared with the control. These results indicate that FO can be replaced completely with alternative lipids without any serious negative health impacts. 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.fuoye.edu.ng:80/handle/123456789/151 Title: EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL AND SOME PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ON CLARIAS GARIEPINUS FINGERLINGS (CATFISH: CLARIDAE) Authors: Ugwu L.L.C., Ude E.F; Nwamba H.O, Chima, I.N Abstract: Ninety (90) hatchery bred fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (mean weight: 0.96 ± 0.1g) were randomly placed in 15 plastic baths (25 litres each) at the Research laboratory and were exposed to different concentrations of oil products to determine their effects on the fish, to facilitate inferential deductions that will enhance effective aquatic environmental management. Three (3) replicate basins of 5 experimental treatments (crude oil, petrol oil, kerosene oil, engine oil and control) were used at a concentration of 1.25ml. L-1. The control experiment was devoid of oil treatment. Six (6) fingerlings were placed in each replicate basin, flooded with 20 litres of clean tap water and fed with nutrafin cichilid food, 2 times daily at 3% body weight. The results showed that the feeding behaviour and swimming performances of fish were reduced after 24 hours of the addition of the various oil pollutants. Mortality of fingerlings in the oiled basins increased as the hours of exposure increased (i.e. 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours). Recovery was not immediate in the treated basin while surviving fingerlings in the control basins grew up to post-fingerlings after 90 days (3 months). There were significant differences (P<0.01 and P<0.05) in the effect of crude oil and the petroleum products on the mortality rate of C. gariepinus when exposed to oil pollutants at 1.25ml. L-1 concentration. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z