Federal University Oye-Ekiti Institutional Repository

Drought Trend Analysis in Kano Using Standardized Precipitation Index

2017-10-09T13:34:21Z

Title: Drought Trend Analysis in Kano Using Standardized Precipitation Index Authors: Dr. ANUGWO, STANLEY CHUKWUDI Abstract: The trend analysis was carried out using non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test for Kano using a long term 100 years rainfall data. In other to assess the short term, seasonal, annual and long term droughts, the study employed the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 month time scales using the rainfall time series data. The SPI values computed for all the time scales revealed a non significant increasing trend for the entire study period (1911-2010), while period 1911-1995 revealed a significant decreasing trend especially in August, September and October. For comparison between different time periods, the 100 years series was sub-divided into 30 years overlapping time period. Period 1951-1980 and 1961-1990 revealed the highest number of statistically significant downward trend. The Z values from Mann-Kendall test ranges from 4.05 to -2.86, which shows how erratic the rainfall could be in Kano. All the analyzed months for periods 1911-1940, 1971-2000, 1981-2010 and 1941-1970 (except May in 1941-1970) showed a general increasing trend for all the time scales. However, periods 1971-2000 and 1981-2010 showed a significant increasing trend which implies that rainfall over the station is at the increase. The value of the slope ranges between -0.053 and 0.118 for all the time scales. High slope values were more prevalent in the higher time scales

DETERMINANTS OF FARM ENTERPRISE CHOICE AMONG FADAMA USERS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA

2017-10-09T13:16:25Z

Title: DETERMINANTS OF FARM ENTERPRISE CHOICE AMONG FADAMA USERS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA Authors: Dr. ANUGWO, STANLEY CHUKWUDI Abstract: This study examined the determinants of farm enterprise choice among fadama users in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. Cross sectional data were obtained from 387 fadama users with the aid of structured close-ended questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using frequency, percentages, means and multinomial logit model. The study found that about 39% of the fadama users are into crop production and about 27% are into agro-processing, 23% preferred livestock farming while only 11% of the fadama users are in fish farming. The result of the multinomial logit model likelihood ratio statistics as indicated by χ2 statistics was highly significant (p<0.0000). The explanatory power of the factors as reflected by Pseudo R2 was high (0.66), responsible for about 66% of the variations in fadama users’ choice of farm enterprise. Gender, education, labour, land ownership status, credits access and off-farm job significantly influence farm enterprise choice at p<0.01 and 0.05 level of probability. Lack of storage facilities (3.67), poor access to and control of land for agricultural production (3.65), inaccessibility of farmers to agrochemicals and fertilizers (3.61), price fluctuation of products (3.58) and inadequate farm labour (3.53) are part of the major challenges facing the farmers. Hence, the education and training of fadama users should be emphasised for sustainable livelihood and government should increase institutional supports through provisions of storage facilities, agrochemicals and fertilizers, stabilization of agricultural commodity price and provision of irrigation and drainage equipment at subsidized rates.

Comparison of live weight and body measurements of broiler Strains using Bartlett Factor Scores in Multiple Regression

2017-10-03T13:14:47Z

Title: Comparison of live weight and body measurements of broiler Strains using Bartlett Factor Scores in Multiple Regression Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A; Oyelola, E. A. Abstract: In order to compare live weight and body conformation of Arbor Acres (AA) and Annak (AN) broilers under same management and environment, the body weight and body dimensions of a population of one hundred each of Arbor Acres and Annak broilers were collected in a 56-day trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. Eight zoometric measurements namely Live weight (g), Abdominal Circumference, Abdominal length, Breast width, leg length, Height, Wing length and Thigh circumference (all in cm) were recorded for the study. Descriptive statistics, Bartlett Factor scores in multiple linear regression procedure with stepwise method of SPSS Version 17 were employed to compare body parameters of strains. Results indicated that Arbor Acres was heavier by 23.5%, and possessed wider breast by 4.9% than Annak strain at 8 weeks. Regressed normal equations had high Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) values indicating multi-collinearity among independent variables, thus reducing its predictive ability. The loading structure revealed basic differences in body conformation structure between AA (Body and Thigh Factors) and AN (Breast and Height Factors) strain and for the mixed data of both broilers as an index for broilers generally (Thigh/Breast and Body Factors). Bartlett factor scores in multiple linear regression equations yielded highly significant comparative equations with p<0.0001; and intercept of 825.51, 788.69 and 807.10 indicating differences in growth of Arbor Acres, Annak and for mixed population of both strains of broilers.

COMPARISON OF EARLY SEXUAL MATURITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN BOVAN NERA AND ISA BROWN PARENT STOCK LAYER STRAINS AS INFLUENCED BY 10-WEEK BODY WEIGHT

2017-10-03T13:07:25Z

Title: COMPARISON OF EARLY SEXUAL MATURITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN BOVAN NERA AND ISA BROWN PARENT STOCK LAYER STRAINS AS INFLUENCED BY 10-WEEK BODY WEIGHT Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A Abstract: The study was conducted to compare early sexual maturity characteristics between Bovan Nera and Isa Brown Parent stock chickens reared in a commercial breeding system in Ibadan, humid Tropical Nigeria. Records on Pullet weight at 10 weeks (PW10, g), Feed-intake at 10-weeks (FI10, g), Total feed intake from11 weeks to first egg (FI11FE, kg), weight gain from 11 weeks to first egg (WG11FE, g), Feed intake at first egg (FIFE, g), pullet-weight at first egg (PWFE, g) and pullet-age at first egg (PAFE, days) were culled from the parent stock breeding farm records of CHI Farms Ltd. Ibadan; covering 1999 to 2008. The effect of PW10on FI10, FI11FE, WG11FE, FIFE, PWFE and PAFE was investigated. A total of 20 flocks of each strain were compared. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, GLM, Tukey’s T-test, correlation and regression procedures of SAS® (1999) in randomized complete block (RCBD) design. Findings revealed that three body weight classes at 10-weeks (<700, 801-900 and >900 g) caused significant differences between strains in WG11FE, PWFE and PAFE. The 701-800 g body weight group produced no significant (p>0.05) difference between the two strains. PWFE was positively related with PAFE in BN (R2=0.11) and IB (R2=0.71). Strain averages revealed significant (p<0.05) differences between strains in all characteristics, and this led to 6-day difference in PAFE between BN and IB strains. The prediction of PWFE was highly influenced (p<0.0001, R2≥0.82) by PW10 and WG11FE in both strains. All equations obtained were significant (P<0.0006-0.04), revealed minimal basal genotypic differences between strains, and gave varying R2 values from 0.00-0.86. The equations elicited the underlining causes of variability between Bovan Nera and Isa Brown parent stock chicken. Study also revealed the importance of PW10 for breeding and management of chicken from the 11th week to first egg.

Effects of strain, live weight and micro-environment on body weight development of cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) in the humid tropics

2017-10-03T13:17:23Z

Title: Effects of strain, live weight and micro-environment on body weight development of cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) in the humid tropics Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A; Bankole, T. O. Abstract: Interactive effects of strain, live weight and a non-genetic factor namely micro-environment on the live weight development of cane rats reared in captivity were investigated over a seven-month period. A total of seventy-nine (79) cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) originating from three different sources (strains) and of four body weight categories were used for the study. The treatment design was 4x3 Factorial of Live-weightXStrain randomly assigned to 3 Houses (block) using RCBD, while statistical analysis utilized GLM procedure of SAS® (1999). Data were recorded monthly based on Treatment-combinations and Housemicro- environment. Results revealed that effects of strain, live weight category and housemicro- environment on strains were significant. Consequently, interactive effect of strainXhouse-micro-environment was found most depressing on Lawole>FRIN>Bamidele, while strainXlive-weight category interaction exerted most positive influence on Lawole strain which demonstrated the highest ability for body weight development than other two strains. Findings revealed that interactive effect of STRxHME was most significant on weight development. Bamidele strain was identified as most acclimatized and adaptable of the three strains based on least body weight sensitivity and variation between HMEs. Different strains of cane rat in captive rearing systems would exhibit different and specific reaction norms under interaction of strain, Body weight and House-micro-environment. This knowledge is useful for feeding regimes, husbandry and breeding schemes for cane rats in humid tropics.

Relationship among cane rat (Thryonomys Swinderianus) families of unknown genetic origins in Ibadan Nigeria

2017-10-03T13:16:00Z

Title: Relationship among cane rat (Thryonomys Swinderianus) families of unknown genetic origins in Ibadan Nigeria Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A; Oseni, S. O Abstract: As population of cane rats in the wild decline due to high rate of exploitation and destruction of their natural habitat, their continued existence is threatened and endangered. Domestication to increase their production lead to high demand for quality foundation stock. The objective of this study was to explore and understand underlying relationships among cane rats of unknown genetic origin from three different farm (family) Sources. Monthly liveweight measurements were recorded in randomized complete block design, using Source as treatment and Sex as block. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Correlation, Multiple Linear regression (MLR) analysis, Squared Euclidean (Seuclid) distance procedures and Cluster Analysis of SAS, to study the genetic properties and structure of Family sources with a view to formulating appropriate strategies towards their management, breeding and conservation. Results of ANOVA showed significant (P<0.05) differences for mean live weight of 3.78, 3.51 and 3.11kg, for FRIN, Bamidele and Lawole males. MLR parameters revealed higher basic growth metabolism in males than females, and in FRIN than other Families of cane rats. Genetic correlation coefficients were low, indicating distant relationship by descent among family sources. Seuclid genetic distance measures between Lawole and Bamidele was largest within males, females and mixed populations, among other family pairs. Dendrogram from cluster analysis revealed larger dissimilarity between the male than female families and unfolded the genetic diversity between Bamidele and FRIN/Lawole populations. These observed genetic diversities are important for designing breeding, improvement and conservation programmes for cane rat in the environment.

Dye-modified ZnO nanohybrids: optical properties of the potential solar cell nanocomposites

2017-07-01T22:14:41Z

Title: Dye-modified ZnO nanohybrids: optical properties of the potential solar cell nanocomposites Authors: Bolaji, Bukola Olaleken Abstract: We report the hybridization of ZnO with natural dyes [Laali, Zobo] or synthetic dye [methyl red] forming ZnO – laali, ZnO – zobo and ZnO – methyl red nanocomposites in bright colours. The structural, optical and dye photosensitization influence of the hybrid nanocomposites were studied by X – ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV – visible absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). The surface plasmon absorption band of ZnO – laali and ZnO – zobo shifts towards red and blue respectively, with significantly enhanced absorption intensities, indicating the interaction and optical influence of the respective dyes in photosensitization. Optical and absorption character of ZnO methyl red and bare ZnO are similar indicating insignificant effect of methyl red on photosensitization. PL spectra of ZnO – laali and ZnO – zobo display enhanced UV light emission due not only to the surface electron transfer from their respective inherent isoplumbagin and anthocyanin to ZnO but also to the extension of the Fermi energy level to the ZnO. Dyes adopted have influence on the optical band gaps of the evolved hybrid nanocomposites

Thermodynamic Study of Environment-Friendly R429A, R435A and R457A Refrigerants as Substitutes for Ozone Depleting R22 in Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Systems

2017-07-01T22:18:42Z

Title: Thermodynamic Study of Environment-Friendly R429A, R435A and R457A Refrigerants as Substitutes for Ozone Depleting R22 in Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Systems Authors: Bolaji, Bukola Olaleken; Oyelaran, Olatunde Ajani; Okoye, Obinna Chibuzor Abstract: Ozone depletion and global warming are presently the most serious global environmental problems and they have led to drastic changes in the refrigeration technology. Therefore, environment-friendly refrigerants have attracted a significant attention. This paper presents the thermodynamic study of non-ozone depleting R429A, R435A and R457A refrigerants as substitutes for R22 in air-conditioning systems. The results obtained showed that the vapour pressure curves of R429A, R435A and R457A are very close to that of R22 with advantage of lower deviation in pressure. These refrigerants also exhibited low pressure ratio and discharge pressure than R22 and their average discharge temperatures are 24.03, 13.54 and 28.53 % respectively lower than that of R22. They showed higher coefficient of performance than R22 with the average values of 2.47, 3.96 and 2.98 % respectively higher which shows better efficiency. The results also revealed R429A, R435A and R457A as energy efficient refrigerants as they exhibited lower power consumption per ton of refrigeration with average values of 2.14, 3.90 and 2.27 % respectively lower than that of R22. Generally, the three investigated environment-friendly refrigerants performed better than R22 and can effectively replace R22 in air-conditioning systems

FUOYE NEWS

2017-05-08T14:28:41Z

Title: FUOYE NEWS Authors: FUOYE, NEWS Abstract: her delivery day the FUOYE community was agog with preparations for the ceremony that crowned both the efforts of the student and teachers, ushered the students into the world as the institution ambassadors, and ushered the teachers into classrooms to Description: her delivery day the FUOYE community was agog with preparations for the ceremony that crowned both the efforts of the student and teachers, ushered the students into the world as the institution ambassadors, and ushered the teachers into classrooms to

MAY EDITION

2017-05-08T14:10:03Z

Title: MAY EDITION Authors: FUOYE NEWS, BULLETTIN Abstract: her delivery day the FUOYE community was agog with preparations for the ceremony that crowned both the efforts of the student and teachers, ushered the students into the world as the institution ambassadors, and ushered the teachers into classrooms to Description: her delivery day the FUOYE community was agog with preparations for the ceremony that crowned both the efforts of the student and teachers, ushered the students into the world as the institution ambassadors, and ushered the teachers into classrooms to

FUOYE NEWS

2017-05-08T13:54:00Z

Title: FUOYE NEWS Authors: INFORMATION, UNIT Abstract: her delivery day the FUOYE community was agog with preparations for the ceremony that crowned both the efforts of the student and teachers, ushered the students into the world as the institution ambassadors, and ushered the teachers into classrooms to Description: her delivery day the FUOYE community was agog with preparations for the ceremony that crowned both the efforts of the student and teachers, ushered the students into the world as the institution ambassadors, and ushered the teachers into classrooms to

FUOYE NEWS BULLETIN

2017-04-12T11:15:42Z

Title: FUOYE NEWS BULLETIN Authors: FUOYE Abstract: The Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU) and the Non- Academic Staff Union (NASU) held their first joint congress since the suspension of their protracted strike in February. This congress was unique-held outside the usual university Auditorium as students were using the hall for examination.

Energy Performance of Eco-Friendly RE170 and R510A Refrigerants as Alternatives to R134a in Vapour Compression Refrigeration System

2017-04-06T21:12:53Z

Title: Energy Performance of Eco-Friendly RE170 and R510A Refrigerants as Alternatives to R134a in Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Authors: Bolaji, Bukola Olaleken; Huan, Z Abstract: Ozone depletion and the atmospheric greenhouse effect due to refrigerant emissions have led to drastic changes in the refrigeration and air-conditioning technology. For this reason, environmentally benign, ‘natural’ refrigerants have attracted a considerable attention. In the group of natural refrigerants, hydrocarbons are the most closely related to the HFCs with similar thermodynamic and transport properties, which make them suitable as substitute refrigerants in the existing HFC systems without any major changes in the design. In this paper, the energy performance of two eco-friendly hydrocarbon refrigerants (RE170 and R510A) with zero ozone depletion potential and negligible global warming potential in vapour compression refrigeration system is investigated theoretically under different operating conditions. The results obtained showed that RE170 and R510A have similar saturation vapour pressure characteristics and thermophysical properties with R134a. The Energy performance of both R510A and RE170 was better than that of R134a. The average COPs of R510A and RE170 are higher than that of R134a by 20.7 and 13.1%, respectively. The lowest discharge temperature and energy consumption, and highest COP of the system were obtained using R510A. Generally, R510A and RE170 performed better than R134a; their energy consumptions are 20.4 and 14.1% less than that of R134a, respectively. Therefore, they can be used as drop-in substitutes in the existing R134a refrigeration systems.

Simulation of Refrigeration System in a Food Processing Company: A Case of Nigeria Bottling Company Ikeja

2017-04-06T21:05:36Z

Title: Simulation of Refrigeration System in a Food Processing Company: A Case of Nigeria Bottling Company Ikeja Authors: Owoyemi, T.J.; Adejuyigbe, Samuel Babatope; Bolaji, Bukola Olaleken; Akinwale, A.T. Abstract: A simulation software was developed for a single stage vapour compression cycle. A study which was carried out on an existing system and a mathematical analysis using the energy and mass balance principle was used to develop the simulation model for the system. At full capacity of the system, the simulation gave a result with an error of 4.3% and when a twenty four-hour real data was compared with simulated data from the software, it was found that there is no significant difference between real data and simulated data having a p-value of 6.22% at a significance level of 5%. Investigation of the effect of condensing temperature, evaporating temperature and compressor speed on other system properties gave trends which agree with experimental data from similar refrigeration system and this analysis was used to carry out an optimisation of the existing system.