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Drought Trend Analysis in Kano Using Standardized Precipitation Index

2017-10-09T13:34:21Z

Title: Drought Trend Analysis in Kano Using Standardized Precipitation Index Authors: Dr. ANUGWO, STANLEY CHUKWUDI Abstract: The trend analysis was carried out using non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test for Kano using a long term 100 years rainfall data. In other to assess the short term, seasonal, annual and long term droughts, the study employed the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 month time scales using the rainfall time series data. The SPI values computed for all the time scales revealed a non significant increasing trend for the entire study period (1911-2010), while period 1911-1995 revealed a significant decreasing trend especially in August, September and October. For comparison between different time periods, the 100 years series was sub-divided into 30 years overlapping time period. Period 1951-1980 and 1961-1990 revealed the highest number of statistically significant downward trend. The Z values from Mann-Kendall test ranges from 4.05 to -2.86, which shows how erratic the rainfall could be in Kano. All the analyzed months for periods 1911-1940, 1971-2000, 1981-2010 and 1941-1970 (except May in 1941-1970) showed a general increasing trend for all the time scales. However, periods 1971-2000 and 1981-2010 showed a significant increasing trend which implies that rainfall over the station is at the increase. The value of the slope ranges between -0.053 and 0.118 for all the time scales. High slope values were more prevalent in the higher time scales

DETERMINANTS OF FARM ENTERPRISE CHOICE AMONG FADAMA USERS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA

2017-10-09T13:16:25Z

Title: DETERMINANTS OF FARM ENTERPRISE CHOICE AMONG FADAMA USERS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA, NIGERIA Authors: Dr. ANUGWO, STANLEY CHUKWUDI Abstract: This study examined the determinants of farm enterprise choice among fadama users in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. Cross sectional data were obtained from 387 fadama users with the aid of structured close-ended questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using frequency, percentages, means and multinomial logit model. The study found that about 39% of the fadama users are into crop production and about 27% are into agro-processing, 23% preferred livestock farming while only 11% of the fadama users are in fish farming. The result of the multinomial logit model likelihood ratio statistics as indicated by χ2 statistics was highly significant (p<0.0000). The explanatory power of the factors as reflected by Pseudo R2 was high (0.66), responsible for about 66% of the variations in fadama users’ choice of farm enterprise. Gender, education, labour, land ownership status, credits access and off-farm job significantly influence farm enterprise choice at p<0.01 and 0.05 level of probability. Lack of storage facilities (3.67), poor access to and control of land for agricultural production (3.65), inaccessibility of farmers to agrochemicals and fertilizers (3.61), price fluctuation of products (3.58) and inadequate farm labour (3.53) are part of the major challenges facing the farmers. Hence, the education and training of fadama users should be emphasised for sustainable livelihood and government should increase institutional supports through provisions of storage facilities, agrochemicals and fertilizers, stabilization of agricultural commodity price and provision of irrigation and drainage equipment at subsidized rates.

Comparison of live weight and body measurements of broiler Strains using Bartlett Factor Scores in Multiple Regression

2017-10-03T13:14:47Z

Title: Comparison of live weight and body measurements of broiler Strains using Bartlett Factor Scores in Multiple Regression Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A; Oyelola, E. A. Abstract: In order to compare live weight and body conformation of Arbor Acres (AA) and Annak (AN) broilers under same management and environment, the body weight and body dimensions of a population of one hundred each of Arbor Acres and Annak broilers were collected in a 56-day trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. Eight zoometric measurements namely Live weight (g), Abdominal Circumference, Abdominal length, Breast width, leg length, Height, Wing length and Thigh circumference (all in cm) were recorded for the study. Descriptive statistics, Bartlett Factor scores in multiple linear regression procedure with stepwise method of SPSS Version 17 were employed to compare body parameters of strains. Results indicated that Arbor Acres was heavier by 23.5%, and possessed wider breast by 4.9% than Annak strain at 8 weeks. Regressed normal equations had high Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) values indicating multi-collinearity among independent variables, thus reducing its predictive ability. The loading structure revealed basic differences in body conformation structure between AA (Body and Thigh Factors) and AN (Breast and Height Factors) strain and for the mixed data of both broilers as an index for broilers generally (Thigh/Breast and Body Factors). Bartlett factor scores in multiple linear regression equations yielded highly significant comparative equations with p<0.0001; and intercept of 825.51, 788.69 and 807.10 indicating differences in growth of Arbor Acres, Annak and for mixed population of both strains of broilers.

COMPARISON OF EARLY SEXUAL MATURITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN BOVAN NERA AND ISA BROWN PARENT STOCK LAYER STRAINS AS INFLUENCED BY 10-WEEK BODY WEIGHT

2017-10-03T13:07:25Z

Title: COMPARISON OF EARLY SEXUAL MATURITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN BOVAN NERA AND ISA BROWN PARENT STOCK LAYER STRAINS AS INFLUENCED BY 10-WEEK BODY WEIGHT Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A Abstract: The study was conducted to compare early sexual maturity characteristics between Bovan Nera and Isa Brown Parent stock chickens reared in a commercial breeding system in Ibadan, humid Tropical Nigeria. Records on Pullet weight at 10 weeks (PW10, g), Feed-intake at 10-weeks (FI10, g), Total feed intake from11 weeks to first egg (FI11FE, kg), weight gain from 11 weeks to first egg (WG11FE, g), Feed intake at first egg (FIFE, g), pullet-weight at first egg (PWFE, g) and pullet-age at first egg (PAFE, days) were culled from the parent stock breeding farm records of CHI Farms Ltd. Ibadan; covering 1999 to 2008. The effect of PW10on FI10, FI11FE, WG11FE, FIFE, PWFE and PAFE was investigated. A total of 20 flocks of each strain were compared. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, GLM, Tukey’s T-test, correlation and regression procedures of SAS® (1999) in randomized complete block (RCBD) design. Findings revealed that three body weight classes at 10-weeks (<700, 801-900 and >900 g) caused significant differences between strains in WG11FE, PWFE and PAFE. The 701-800 g body weight group produced no significant (p>0.05) difference between the two strains. PWFE was positively related with PAFE in BN (R2=0.11) and IB (R2=0.71). Strain averages revealed significant (p<0.05) differences between strains in all characteristics, and this led to 6-day difference in PAFE between BN and IB strains. The prediction of PWFE was highly influenced (p<0.0001, R2≥0.82) by PW10 and WG11FE in both strains. All equations obtained were significant (P<0.0006-0.04), revealed minimal basal genotypic differences between strains, and gave varying R2 values from 0.00-0.86. The equations elicited the underlining causes of variability between Bovan Nera and Isa Brown parent stock chicken. Study also revealed the importance of PW10 for breeding and management of chicken from the 11th week to first egg.

Effects of strain, live weight and micro-environment on body weight development of cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) in the humid tropics

2017-10-03T13:17:23Z

Title: Effects of strain, live weight and micro-environment on body weight development of cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) in the humid tropics Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A; Bankole, T. O. Abstract: Interactive effects of strain, live weight and a non-genetic factor namely micro-environment on the live weight development of cane rats reared in captivity were investigated over a seven-month period. A total of seventy-nine (79) cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) originating from three different sources (strains) and of four body weight categories were used for the study. The treatment design was 4x3 Factorial of Live-weightXStrain randomly assigned to 3 Houses (block) using RCBD, while statistical analysis utilized GLM procedure of SAS® (1999). Data were recorded monthly based on Treatment-combinations and Housemicro- environment. Results revealed that effects of strain, live weight category and housemicro- environment on strains were significant. Consequently, interactive effect of strainXhouse-micro-environment was found most depressing on Lawole>FRIN>Bamidele, while strainXlive-weight category interaction exerted most positive influence on Lawole strain which demonstrated the highest ability for body weight development than other two strains. Findings revealed that interactive effect of STRxHME was most significant on weight development. Bamidele strain was identified as most acclimatized and adaptable of the three strains based on least body weight sensitivity and variation between HMEs. Different strains of cane rat in captive rearing systems would exhibit different and specific reaction norms under interaction of strain, Body weight and House-micro-environment. This knowledge is useful for feeding regimes, husbandry and breeding schemes for cane rats in humid tropics.

Relationship among cane rat (Thryonomys Swinderianus) families of unknown genetic origins in Ibadan Nigeria

2017-10-03T13:16:00Z

Title: Relationship among cane rat (Thryonomys Swinderianus) families of unknown genetic origins in Ibadan Nigeria Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A; Oseni, S. O Abstract: As population of cane rats in the wild decline due to high rate of exploitation and destruction of their natural habitat, their continued existence is threatened and endangered. Domestication to increase their production lead to high demand for quality foundation stock. The objective of this study was to explore and understand underlying relationships among cane rats of unknown genetic origin from three different farm (family) Sources. Monthly liveweight measurements were recorded in randomized complete block design, using Source as treatment and Sex as block. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Correlation, Multiple Linear regression (MLR) analysis, Squared Euclidean (Seuclid) distance procedures and Cluster Analysis of SAS, to study the genetic properties and structure of Family sources with a view to formulating appropriate strategies towards their management, breeding and conservation. Results of ANOVA showed significant (P<0.05) differences for mean live weight of 3.78, 3.51 and 3.11kg, for FRIN, Bamidele and Lawole males. MLR parameters revealed higher basic growth metabolism in males than females, and in FRIN than other Families of cane rats. Genetic correlation coefficients were low, indicating distant relationship by descent among family sources. Seuclid genetic distance measures between Lawole and Bamidele was largest within males, females and mixed populations, among other family pairs. Dendrogram from cluster analysis revealed larger dissimilarity between the male than female families and unfolded the genetic diversity between Bamidele and FRIN/Lawole populations. These observed genetic diversities are important for designing breeding, improvement and conservation programmes for cane rat in the environment.

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL MATURITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COCKERELS OF BOVAN NERA AND ISA BROWN PARENT STOCK STRAINS IN IBADAN NIGERIA

2016-05-17T09:54:57Z

Title: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL MATURITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COCKERELS OF BOVAN NERA AND ISA BROWN PARENT STOCK STRAINS IN IBADAN NIGERIA Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A Abstract: The objective of the study was to elucidate some of the factors that affect growth and development of breeder cockerels on deep-litter system in the environment. Sexual maturity characteristics in cockerel are important breeding and management indices. Ten records namely cockerel weight at 10 weeks (CW10Wks), cockerel weight at first spermatozoa production (CWFS), cockerel weight at full maturity (CWFM), Feed uptake at 10 Weeks (FU10Wks), Feed uptake at first spermatozoa production (FUFS), feed uptake at full maturity (FUFM), Age at first spermatozoa production (AFS), Age at full maturity (AFM), Batch and genotype were extracted from the record books of a popular Parent stock breeding farm in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study materials were Bovan Nera and Isa Brown Strains. Data were grouped into seasons, maturity group and genotype before they were subjected to ANOVA (p<0.05) and multivariate analysis using SAS (V8) and SPSS (17.0) softwares. AFM differ significantly (p<0.05) between genotypes in the wet season but was reversed in rank between the two maturity status groups in the environment. Principal Factor Analysis (PFA) elicited Age/maturity status/batch, Cockerel weight, random environmental, Full maturity and Seasonal Factors as important for breeding and management of cockerels on the deep litter in the environment. The lack of significant difference in CWFM between genotypes was an indication of the high level of adaptability of both genotypes to the humid environment. Keywords: Age at first spermatozoa production, Cockerel weight at 10 Weeks, Cockerel weight at first spermatozoa production, Early maturity characteristics, hot-humid areas.

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION VARIABLES OF LAYER CHICKENS ON DEEP-LITTER IN THE HUMID TROPICS

2016-05-17T09:19:55Z

Title: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION VARIABLES OF LAYER CHICKENS ON DEEP-LITTER IN THE HUMID TROPICS Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A Abstract: Chicken breeding is a technical enterprise that involves specific and timely strategies to manipulate latent Factors. It is also intensive and involves high managerial competence for high profitability. Data on Hen day production, egg weight, Age in production (Prodage), Season, Strain (genotype) and Batch on weekly basis were obtained from Layer chicken from a popular chicken farm in Ibadan. These data covered the production cycle of 2 Strains – Bovan Nera and Isa Brown – of chicken. Data covered 20 batches of each strain covering a period of 10 years. Data were analyzed using the Multivariate procedures of descriptive, ANOVA (P<0.05), Pearsons’ Correlation, Principal component Analysis (PCA) and Common Factor analysis (CFA). Findings from the study indicated better productive indices for Wet than Dry season. PCA extracted 3 components while the Varimax rotation with Keizer normalization produced 3 orthogonal Factors with high loadings for Prodage and egg weight under Age Factor, Batch and Season under Environmental Factors, and Hen day production and Strain under Genetic Factor. These results have implications and require management and breeding strategies to utilize them for technical efficiency in the environment.

Practical guide to animal handling and care

2016-05-17T09:17:41Z

Title: Practical guide to animal handling and care Authors: Adeyemo, G. O.; Jesuyon, O. M. A Abstract: The book deals with practical procedures for animal handling and care.

GROWTH PATTERN, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND SEASONAL SENSITIVITY OF BOVAN NERA AND ISA BROWN PARENT-STOCK CHICKENS IN IBADAN NIGERIA

2016-05-16T19:30:56Z

Title: GROWTH PATTERN, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND SEASONAL SENSITIVITY OF BOVAN NERA AND ISA BROWN PARENT-STOCK CHICKENS IN IBADAN NIGERIA Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A Abstract: Parent stocks (PS) of exotic hybrids have contributed immensely to commercial poultry production in Nigeria. Their continued optimal utilization depends on their performance test. Information on performance indices of PS layer breeds in South-West Nigeria is however limited. The growth, reproductive performance and seasonal sensitivity of Bovan Nera (BN) and Isa Brown (IB) hybrids were evaluated. Secondary data on 24 batches of PS of each of BN and IB kept over a period of 10 years (1999-2008) in Ajanla Farms, Ibadan were used. Average batch population was 3896 pullets and 600 cockerels at point-of-lay. Records on Body Weight (BW), Age, Hen-Day-Production (HDP), Egg Weight (EWt), Egg fertility (EF), Egg Hatchability (EH), Pullet Day-Old Chicks produced (PDOC) and Hatching Rejects (HR) in four seasons: Early-Wet (EW, April-July); Late-Wet (LW, August-October); Early-Dry (ED, November-January) and Late-Dry (LD, February- March) were obtained. Data were standardized and analysed for growth, Age-at-first-egg (AFE), HDP characteristics, reproduction, seasonal sensitivity, genotype-season interaction using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation and regression (p=0.05). There was no significant difference in BW (g) and growth rate (g/day) between hybrids: 1724.8±562.8 and 1549.8±543.3; 1.4±2.3 and 1.1±1.6 for BN and IB hens, respectively. Effect of seasons on AFE was not significant in both hybrids, but ED and LD seasons delayed AFE. The HDP values (%) recorded for BN (63.2) and IB (72.9) in ED were significantly higher than in other seasons. There were significant differences in EF (80.8 and 88.7%), EH (69.1 and 73.6%), PDOC (32.6 and 36.1%) and EWt (56.2 and 59.9 g) for BN and IB respectively in EW season. EF (86.2 and 89.5%) and EH (73.1 and 73.9%) in LW were highest within hybrids respectively. Phenotypic correlation(r) between Age and Hen Weight, Age and EWt, Hen Weight and EWt, EF and EH, EF and PDOC, and EH and PDOC were 0.78, 0.74, 0.68, 0.73, 0.72 and 0.98 in BN; and 0.77, 0.52, 0.53, 0.69, 0.71, and 0.97 in IB respectively. The positive and significant correlation between HR and EWt (r = 0.14 and 0.13), for BN and IB respectively, indicated increase in HR as EWt increased. The environmental performance in body weight of both hybrids was significantly depressed before 10 weeks in cocks and throughout the life cycle of hens, except at 10 to 16 weeks in the BN hen. Performance depression was also observed in HDP (-10.2%), EF (-6.9%) and EH (-14.4%) in IB, and EWt (-2.9 and -3.2%) in both genotypes respectively over their life-time period. Predictions of BW by Age (R2 = 0.85, 0.84), EWt by Age-in-production (R2 = 0.65, 0.65), and PDOC by EH (R2 = 0.99, 0.95) in both hybrids were significant at 25-75 weeks. Hen day production, egg fertility, egg hatchability, pullet day-old chicks were higher in Isa Brown than Bovan Nera during the early-dry season. Body weight was higher in the cocks of both hybrids in early-dry and late-dry than in early-wet and late-wet seasons. The sensitivity of Isa Brown was lower than Bovan Nera except in hen weight.

Effect of Seasons on the Reproductive Performance of Bovan Nera and Isa Brown Parent-stock Chickens in a Hot Humid Environment

2016-05-16T19:14:28Z

Title: Effect of Seasons on the Reproductive Performance of Bovan Nera and Isa Brown Parent-stock Chickens in a Hot Humid Environment Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A; Salako, A. E. Abstract: Seasons play an important role in the performance of breeder chickens, but lack of adequate records on its specific effects in specific seasons could influence the efforts of breeders to improve on local ecotypes of chicken for standardization into breeds. This is why Nigeria still depends mainly on imported breeds of chicken for commercial production of chicken. In this study, the influence of Early Wet (EW), Late Wet (LW) and Early Dry (ED) and Late Dry (LD) seasons on reproductive parameters of Bovan Nera (BN) and Isa Brown (IB) parent-stock chickens were studied in the humid South-West Nigeria. Ten-year data on both genotypes were obtained from Ajanla Farms Hatchery Ibadan and analysed for Eggs Set (ES), Egg Fertility (EF), Egg Hatchability (EH), Pullet Day-old Chicks (PDC) and Hatching Rejects (HR) to study the effect of seasons on these parameters. ANOVA (p<0.05) showed that seasons have significant influence on EF, EH and HR in BN; and ES, EH and HR in IB. Late wet season gave the best results on reproduction thus making it potentially the most favorable season for hatching activities in both genotypes, and therefore may signal good fortune in commercial chicks production enterprises of breeder chickens in hot humid regions.

Utilization of Genotype x Season Interaction in the Production of Layer Chickens in the Hot-humid Tropical Environment

2016-05-16T19:04:32Z

Title: Utilization of Genotype x Season Interaction in the Production of Layer Chickens in the Hot-humid Tropical Environment Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A Abstract: Genotype x Environment interaction described as change in the relative performance of a genotype in two or more environments is a factor in the breeding of chickens in the tropics. Cock weight, hen weight, Hen-house production, egg weight, fertility of eggs set, hatchability of eggs set and pullet day-old chicks hatched was studied to apply the presence of this interaction for improving chicken production in South-west Nigeria. Interaction was investigated by the Factorial ANOVA method of SAS (1999). Results revealed that interaction in day-old chicks production between the two genotypes was due mainly to change in scale and change in rank in the late dry season. The knowledge of genotype-season interaction could be useful in the planning of stocking dates of commercial layer chicken enterprises in the environment.

Variability and predictability of productive and body traits of Fulani ecotype chicken

2016-05-16T18:47:42Z

Title: Variability and predictability of productive and body traits of Fulani ecotype chicken Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A; Salako, A. E. Abstract: Improvement of the domestic chicken has dominated the effort of indigenous breeders in Nigeria in recent times. Three hundred and fifty-seven (357) Fulani ecotype chickens were surveyed and assessed for their phenotypic and productive characteristics in Osun State, Nigeria. Mature weight (kg), comb size, wattle size, breast length, breast width, leg length (all in cm); egg weight (gm), clutch size were examined and classified. A higher level of variability was revealed in comb size, wattle size, egg weight, and clutch size within the hen population of each local government; and in leg length within Orolu cocks and hens as shown by their coefficient of variation (CV), respectively. Strong and significant association was observed between mature weight and wattle size, mature weight and comb size, and between wattle size and comb size in the cocks; and between egg weight and egg clutch size in hens. Breast length and breast width were best predictors of each other while mature weight was best predicted by wattle size in cocks. Breast length was predicted by mature weight and leg length, breast width was predicted by mature weight and, mature weight was predicted by the combination of leg length, breast length and breast width in hens. All parameters were more accurately predicted in cocks than in hens. Statistical modelling revealed sexual dimorphism on all equations.

Application of genotype sensitivity to selection between two exotic strains of chickens in humid tropical environment

2016-05-17T10:44:13Z

Title: Application of genotype sensitivity to selection between two exotic strains of chickens in humid tropical environment Authors: Jesuyon, O. M. A Abstract: Genotype sensitivity as a change in the relative performance of a genotype in the presence of two or more environments could be an important factor in the breeding of exotic birds in the tropics. Farm records covering 10 years (1999 - 2008) were employed to study the effect of seasons on genotype sensitivity and their usability for selection in the breeding of exotic Parent stock chickens of Bovan and ISA origins in South-West Nigeria. Cock weight, hen weight, Hen-day production, egg weight, fertility of eggs set, hatchability of eggs set and pullet day-old chicks hatched were examined. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the regression procedures of Microsoft Excel, 2007. Results revealed a lack of significant difference between genotypes in sensitivity indices within seasons, in body weight, HDP and egg weight. Due to Interaction between genotypes and seasons, the genotype sensitivity values demonstrated lack of definite pattern with the output levels of FES and HES between genotypes. Genotype sensitivity in the presence of genotype – season interaction, could be reliable for making choices between chicken genotypes in the humid tropics, especially in early dry season.