DSpace Collection: FJPAS

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF EXTRUDED SPICED SNACKS PRODUCED FROM RICE AND GROUNDNUT CAKE BLENDS

2016-12-05T16:42:57Z

Title: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF EXTRUDED SPICED SNACKS PRODUCED FROM RICE AND GROUNDNUT CAKE BLENDS Authors: Oni, O.K; Jaiyeoba, C.N; Ojo, S.K.S Abstract: The study was conducted to generate data and compare the combined effect of formulations on the physico-chemical properties and organoleptic attributes of extruded spiced snacks produced from rice at varying levels of moisture and groundnut cake blends using standard techniques. The formulations designs were: G1G2G3= 10 %, 15 %, 20 % groundnut cake; R1R2R3= 90 %, 85 %, 80 % rice; and W1W2W3= 15 %, 20 %, 25 % water. Data were statistically analyzed using Turkey’s test method. Significant differences existed in the nutrient composition of the blends formulated from the different levels of feed composition and moisture. Water absorption capacity decreased proportionately in all the formulated samples with increased feed moisture level while viscosity decreased with increased groundnut levels. The wettability was less than 15 sec. Bulk density increased with increased in groundnut cake whilefeed moisture increased from 16 % to 26 %. Expansion ratio and bulk density showed an inverse relationship. Samples I, J, K and L extruded at 26 % feed moisture showed lower water swelling capacity values. Each control sample (A, E and I for R100/W16, R100/W21 and R100/W26 respectively) at different moisture levels had highest values for carbohydrates and moisture content but lower protein content.The fat and ash contents increased as the groundnut levels increased. Sample I (R100/W26) was most acceptable, though it had similarities with samples A (R100/W16), B(G10/R90/W16), C(G15/R85/W16), and E(R100/W21). However, sample J (G10/R90/W26) had the least overall acceptability. The process variables suitable for processing of ready-to-eat extrudates from rice-groundnut cake blends based on optimum nutritive value obtained were found to be samples H (G20/R80/W21) and D (G20/R80/W16 [FJPAS 1(1)2016]. Description: This is a research article. For more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

EFFECT OF GLOMUS FASCICULATUM ON SEEDLING GROWTH AND POD PRODUCTION OF COWPEA (Vignaunguiculata L. Walp.)

2016-12-05T12:17:28Z

Title: EFFECT OF GLOMUS FASCICULATUM ON SEEDLING GROWTH AND POD PRODUCTION OF COWPEA (Vignaunguiculata L. Walp.) Authors: Ajiboye, A.A. ,; Ajiboye, M.D.; Iwuala, E.N.; Aigbevbole, I.S.; Awoyemi, B.S. Abstract: Investigation on the effect of Glomusfasciculatum on seedling growth and pod production of cowpea crop was carried out. . The effect of the fungal organisms greatly influenced the fresh shoot, root and dry shoot and root. The G. fasciculatum was also found to greatly improve the seed and pod production of the cowpea, when compared with the untreated seedlings. The use of G. fasciculutum was found to be another alternative source of biofertilizer for yield improvements in cowpea[FJPAS 1(1)2016]. Description: This is a research paper. For more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITROGEN-DIOXIDE LEVELS AND HUMAN HEALTH IN AGBOR; DELTA-STATE, NIGERIA.

2016-12-05T11:39:58Z

Title: PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITROGEN-DIOXIDE LEVELS AND HUMAN HEALTH IN AGBOR; DELTA-STATE, NIGERIA. Authors: Uche, J. I.; Olumayede, E.G.; Ukpebor, E.E.; Okieimen, F. E.; Onojeghuo; Omuemu, V. O. Abstract: Nitrogen-dioxide (NO2) is an oxidant gas that can penetrate to the small airways and alveoli of the lungs and can impair defense mechanism against respiratory pathogens. This report presents a preliminary attempt to establishing a relationship between Nitrogen-dioxide (NO2) levels and Human health impact in Agbor. Ten sites were selected to represent areas where air pollution levels might be highest or present particular threat. NO2 levels were measured using the Palmes diffusion tubes. NO2 monitoring was done for a period of twelve months. Health outcomes of interest were evaluated from responses to completed questionnaires. The highest indoor NO2 concentration of 50.02 µg/m3 was recorded in site TL while site OD recorded the least value of 5.18 µg/m3. Indoor NO2 mean values ranged between 7.28 and 39.93 µg/m3.The correlation between the incidence of the prevalence of respiratory diseases and NO2 levels were evaluated. The result revealed a very low correlation (r = 0.076) between NO2 levels and respiratory symptoms[FJPAS 1(1)2016]. Description: Original research work. For more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

EFFECTS OF PROCESSING ON FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SOME MELON (EGUSI): LAGENERIA SICERARIA AND CITRULLUS VULGARIS SEED FLOURS

2016-12-05T10:05:44Z

Title: EFFECTS OF PROCESSING ON FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SOME MELON (EGUSI): LAGENERIA SICERARIA AND CITRULLUS VULGARIS SEED FLOURS Authors: Ogundele, J.O.; Taylor, O.O Abstract: Functional properties are the intrinsic physico-chemical characteristics which may affect the behaviour of food system during processing and storage. Dried seeds of Lageneriasiceraria (African wine kettle) and Citrullus vulgaris were processed into boiled, roasted, germinated and fermented flour samples. Standard methods were used to determine the functional properties of the processed samples in order to determine the effects of these processing techniques on water absorption capacity (WAC) and oil absorption capacity (OAC), bulk density (BD) and foaming capacity (FC).WAC and OAC of raw Lageneriasiceraria flour are 2.451±0.164 (g/g) and 6.417±0.369 (g/g) respectively. These values are higher than the WAC and OAC determined for raw Citrullus vulgaris. However, these values are generally reduced with processing for the two seed flour samples, except for the higher WAC value of germinated Citrullus vulgaris, OAC values of roasted and germinated Citrullus vulgaris as well as the higher WAC of fermented Lageneriasiceraria seed flours. Fermentation increased the FC of Lageneriasiceraria , while roasting, boiling and germination reduced the FC of Lageneriasiceraria. However, the foaming stability (FS) of the raw samples of the two seeds are higher than FS of the processed seed flour samples after 2 hours [FJPAS 1(1) 2016]. Description: This is an original research paper. For more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS FROM METAL RECYCLING COMPANIES IN ILE-IFE AND IKIRUN, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA.

2016-12-05T09:14:22Z

Title: ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS FROM METAL RECYCLING COMPANIES IN ILE-IFE AND IKIRUN, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA. Authors: Oketayo, O.O.; Adeoye, A.O; Akinola, E.A; Oyebode, A. A Abstract: This study was conducted to assay the levels of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn& Zn) in soil samples from two metal recycling companies in Osun state using Flame Absorption Spectrophotometer 400 (FAAS). The results obtained showed the levels of these elements within the range of 0.32-1343.00 mg/kg in the order of magnitude Fe>Zn>Cu>Mn>Cr>Cd recycling sites and 0.00-456.65 mg/kg in the control. Using SPSS 17 (t<0.05), the elemental levels (except Zn) of soils from the sites were significantly higher than the control. Cd, Cu and Zn were also found higher while Cr and Fe were within the maximum permissible limits recommended by WHO/FEPA for soil meant for cultivation of crops and agriculture[FJPAS 1(1)2016] Description: This is a research article. For further information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF Hydrocotylbonariensis(ARALIACEAE) AGAINST LIVER AND KIDNEY DAMAGE IN RATS FOLLOWING THE CONSUMPTION OF GALACTOSE RICH DIET

2016-12-05T08:56:57Z

Title: PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF Hydrocotylbonariensis(ARALIACEAE) AGAINST LIVER AND KIDNEY DAMAGE IN RATS FOLLOWING THE CONSUMPTION OF GALACTOSE RICH DIET Authors: Adeoye, A.O.; Ajani, E.O. Abstract: s leave extract in providing tissue protection against dietary galactose-induced tissue oxidative stress. Fifty six (56) weanling rats were employed in the study. The control group was placed on AIN-93 diet while the diet of the test groups was supplemented with 30% galactose. Mechanisms of action of the extract were determined by measuring the malondialdehyde level. The level of reduced glutathione (GSH), the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of tissues of animals fed galactose diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) when compared with the control. The liver had the highest level of malondialdehyde compared with the kidney. The level of GSH and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced in the tissues of rats fed galactose diet. The extract reduced oxidative stress significantly in rats fed galactose diet. It also reduced the degree of tissues peroxidation, increased the level of GSH, tissue catalase and SOD activity. It therefore suggests that Hydrocotylbonariensis protects against galactose induced oxidative stress.[FJPAS 1(1)2016] Description: This is a research article. For further information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

MYCODEGRADATION OF DRILL MUDS BY AXENIC AND MIXED FUNGAL ISOLATES FROM DRILL CUTTINGS AT OLOGBO, EDO STATE, NIGERIA.

2016-12-05T04:25:55Z

Title: MYCODEGRADATION OF DRILL MUDS BY AXENIC AND MIXED FUNGAL ISOLATES FROM DRILL CUTTINGS AT OLOGBO, EDO STATE, NIGERIA. Authors: Imarhiagbe, E.E.; Atuanya, E.I.; Samuel-Osamoka, F. C. Abstract: Drilling produces large volumes of drilling waste, which can pose significant threats to soil, water quality and development. Fungi are known to degrade a wide variety of materials and compounds. This study examined the mycodegradation potentials of axenic and mixed fungal isolates associated with drill cuttings emanating from onshore well located at Ologbo, Edo State. Aerobic mycodegradation was determined using shake flask experiment (assessing the total viable counts (cfu/ml), pH, turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)were also determined for a period of 28 days. Results of shake flask experiment revealed the highest total viable count (9.1 x 102 cfu/ ml) for the broth cultures containing consortium of isolates on day 16. Generally, the pH and turbidity were in the range of 7.16 to 8.37and 33 to 63 respectively. The reduction in COD ( from 88 mg/ l at day 1 to 60 mg/ l at day 28) and BOD5 (from 20.9 mg/ l at day 1 to 0.14 mg/ l at day 28) were evidence of the oxidation of the substrates. The growth profile showed that Aspergillus and Penicillium strived better in the water based mud than in synthetic based mud, with Penicillium sp. having the highest fungal count of (0.57x103 cfu/ml) and attained its peak at day 4.There was no significant difference in the degradation of the drilling muds by the isolates (p > 0.05). It was therefore shown that these selected isolates have potential applications in the bioremediation of sites polluted with mud waste[FJPAS 1[1} 2016]. Description: This is an original research. Fore more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmai.com

GEOPHYSICS AS A VERITABLE TOOL IN RECONNAISSANCE STUDIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS

2016-12-05T04:01:03Z

Title: GEOPHYSICS AS A VERITABLE TOOL IN RECONNAISSANCE STUDIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS Authors: Fatoba, J.O; Sanni, A.O; Bamidele, O.E; Olaseni, O.G Abstract: Geophysical Methods have been applied as tools in solving many earth problems. The earth properties measured has made it a veritable tool of reconnaissance/investigation in many parts of the world including urban planning with very high need of good foundation structure and groundwater for its development and future sustenance. This investigation was carried out in Abuja which is underlain mainly by the Gneiss – Migmatite complex. The geophysical method adopted is the electrical resistivity utilizing the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique. VES was conducted at 25 stations along 5 traverses. The quantitative interpretation through partial curve matching and computer aided 1-D forward modelling with the WingLink software revealed a sequence of four major geo-electric layers which are the topsoil, weathered layer, fresh basement and fractured basement. The topsoil range in resistivity from 102 to 2400 Ωm while the weathered layer resistivity ranges from 32 – 500 Ωm. The high resistivity of the topsoil in places is an indication of its lateritization which is good for construction foundation/materials in addition to the thin overburden in the area especially in the northern portion of the area. A fractured basement trend is observed in the N-S direction beneath points B1, F, I and O in the area which is believed to be interconnected with the strip of thick weathered layer in the southern flank of the study area to a depth of about 20 m. This could be indicative of a good groundwater zone in the area considering the shallow water table observed around the study area. Information obtained from this study indicates the area can be divided into two sections with relative uniformity thereby allowing for adequate cost effective planning of geotechnical explorations [FJPAS 1(1) 2016]. Description: Research article. For more information, contact the editor via fjpas.science @fuoye.edu.ng or fjpas @gmail.com

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL STATUS IN DOMESTIC WATER SOURCES IN JALINGO, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

2016-12-05T03:31:37Z

Title: ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL STATUS IN DOMESTIC WATER SOURCES IN JALINGO, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA Authors: Kanu, M. O.; Gabriel, E. C. Abstract: The study investigates the quality of domestic water sources in Jalingo Metropolis. To this end, 22 water samples were collected from bore holes (14), hand dug wells (6) and surface water (2) and analyzed for physiochemical parameters and some heavy metals. The physiochemical parameters were measured using standard methods while the heavy metals were analyzed using Air-acetylene Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (220 FS BUCK Scientific model). Results showed that the concentration of these heavy metals were within the World Health Organization (WHO) maximum permissible limit. The result indicated that the water sources are recommended for domestic purposes, however, if indiscriminate sinking of bore holes and dumping of refuse and other anthropogenic emissions are not checked there is likelihood of increased concentration of these metals in the future [FJPAS 1(1) 2016]. Description: This is a research article. For further information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

EVALUATION OF SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GRANITES IN PARTS OF SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA

2016-12-05T03:10:48Z

Title: EVALUATION OF SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GRANITES IN PARTS OF SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA Authors: Olaleye, B.M.; Jegede, G. Abstract: This work provides an estimation of some engineering properties and behaviours of some rocks in parts of South-West Nigeria for use under various applications, planning and design of construction projects. In mining operations especially drilling and blasting, the brittle fracture of rock in-situ is a very good indicator for rock fragmentation and rock strength characterization. This work determined some strength characteristics and fracture behaviour of granite rocks in four different locations in Ondo and Ekiti States, Nigeria. Granite rocks were sampled, prepared and tested in the laboratory for the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) using 1100kN compression machine, Tensile Strength (TS) using Brazilian test and Point Load Strength Index (PLSI) using point load tester. Analysis on the strength characteristics of the selected rocks show that the UCS range from 110.65-173.76MPa, TS from 11.94 to 15.46 MPa and PLSI from 5.76 to 7.03MPa. From the result of the analysis, the rocks are classified as very high and high based on their UCS and PLSI respectively. The degree and nature of deformation of the rocks indicated brittle and intergranular fracture. It was found out that the plane of fracture is simple and its nature and description is axial splitting failure in uniaxial compression. The results also show that the strength parameters are positively correlated. The rock strength and behaviour database generated will serve as useful information to granite quarry operators and investors in quarry planning, equipment selection and organization [FJPAS 1(1) 2016]. Description: This is a research article. for further information, contact the editor via fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CAPSICUM SPP. SOLD WITHIN A RURAL MARKET IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA.

2016-12-05T02:49:03Z

Title: MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CAPSICUM SPP. SOLD WITHIN A RURAL MARKET IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA. Authors: Ojo, S.K.S.; Nwachukwu, P.U.; Eselemo, A.E. Abstract: Microbiologically safe vegetables are essential to maximize the health benefits within by adequate consumption of these produce. Proper washing of vegetables is essential for decontamination of plant and human pathogens associated with them. To assess the microbial quality of some Capsicum spp. sold in Amai local market, various fresh and dry samples were obtained from two vendors. Samples were analyzed to determine the density of microorganisms by Standard Plate Count, the characterization and identification using biochemical and fungal tests were conducted. Mean bacterial load (fresh and dry samples) ranged from 4.0 x 106 – 6.5 x 107cfu/ml for vendor A and 0.5 x 106 – 7.0 x 107cfu/ml for vendor B while the fungal load (fresh and dry samples) for vendor A ranged from 3.2 x 106 – 8.6 x 107cfu/ml and vendor B ranged from 6.4 x 106 – 8.0 x 107cfu/ml. The bacteria isolated with percentage occurrence include: Bacillus spp. (44.4), Serratiamarcescens (11.1), Micrococcus spp. (22.2), Enterobacteraerogenes (11.1), S. aureus (11.1) while fungi include: Aspergillusniger (33.3), Penicillium spp. (33.3) and Yeast (33.3). The high isolation rates observed in this study indicate heavy microbial contamination of the vegetable under study, which could result from the cultivating, harvesting or post harvest processing. It is of paramount importance that effective treatment or processing be embarked upon to safeguard consumers’ health in the consumption of raw or cooked produce [FJPAS 1(1) 2016]. Description: This is a research article. For further information, contact the editor via fjpas@fuoye.edu.ng or ffjpas@gmail.com

PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF Hydrocotylbonariensis(ARALIACEAE) AGAINST LIVER AND KIDNEY DAMAGE IN RATS FOLLOWING THE CONSUMPTION OF GALACTOSE RICH DIET

2016-12-05T02:14:13Z

Title: PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF Hydrocotylbonariensis(ARALIACEAE) AGAINST LIVER AND KIDNEY DAMAGE IN RATS FOLLOWING THE CONSUMPTION OF GALACTOSE RICH DIET Authors: Adeoye, A.O.; Ajani, E.O. Abstract: The study investigated the efficacy of Hydrocotylbonariensis leave extract in providing tissue protection against dietary galactose-induced tissue oxidative stress. Fifty six (56) weanling rats were employed in the study. The control group was placed on AIN-93 diet while the diet of the test groups was supplemented with 30% galactose. Mechanisms of action of the extract were determined by measuring the malondialdehyde level. The level of reduced glutathione (GSH), the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of tissues of animals fed galactose diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) when compared with the control. The liver had the highest level of malondialdehyde compared with the kidney. The level of GSH and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced in the tissues of rats fed galactose diet. The extract reduced oxidative stress significantly in rats fed galactose diet. It also reduced the degree of tissues peroxidation, increased the level of GSH, tissue catalase and SOD activity. It therefore suggests that Hydrocotylbonariensis protects against galactose e induced oxidative stress.[FJPAS 1(1),1-5] Description: This is a research article. For more information, contact the editor via ffjpas@fuoye.edu.ng or fjpas@gmail.com

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE USE OF FLY ASH AND SLUDGE IN THE REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL-POLLUTED SOIL

2016-12-05T01:21:26Z

Title: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE USE OF FLY ASH AND SLUDGE IN THE REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL-POLLUTED SOIL Authors: Okuo, J.M.; Ilavbarhe, A.; Anegbe, B. Abstract: Often the remedial measures required to clean-up sites contaminated with heavy metals are so complex that their implementation becomes economically unsustainable. In this work, an investigation has been carried out to assess the potential use of fly ash from coal – fired power stations and sludge from oil palm in immobilizing heavy metals contained in soils from a severely contaminated battery dumpsite in Benin metropolis. Parallel experiments were carried out with soil amended with flyash and sludge at different levels. The amended soil was left for a stabilization period of eight weeks. The parent and the amended soils were analyzed for physicochemical properties using standard methods. The results of the physicochemical properties for parent soil showed the pH, organic carbon and CEC to be 3.0, 4.6% and 9.36meq/100g respectively. The pH, organic carbon and CEC for the fly ash and sludge were respectively 10.5, 0.8%, 4.27meq/100g and 5.2, 45.47%, 15.15 meq/100g. The pseudo metal concentration for the parent soil was 515mg/kg for Fe, 220.3 mg/kg for Zn, 130.15mg/kg for Cu, 48.19 mg/kg for Mn and 52.43 mg/kg for Ni. After amendment, the exchangeable fraction (bioavailable) was reduced to the non-available form. The parent soil was highly contaminated with Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni but was moderately contaminated with Mn. On amendment, fly ash and sludge reduced the level of contamination of metals. From the environmental risk factor, Fe, Zn and Mn posed no potential threat to living organism while Cu and Ni pose potential threat to living organism [FJPAS 1(1), 2016]. Description: This is a research article. For further information contact the editor via ffjpas@gmail.com or fjpas.science@fuoye.edu.ng